Histiocytosis X. S-100 protein, peanut agglutinin, and transmission electron microscopy study

Twenty-seven cases of histiocytosis X (HX) for which paraffin blocks were available were studied with the use of S-100 protein immunohistochemistry, peanut agglutinin affinity histochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that these techniques did enable identification of Langerhans'-type histiocytes in 88.5%, 75%, and 47.4% of cases, respectively. All techniques were proved to be of some diagnostic value for HX, but none was able to confirm the diagnosis in all instances and none could foretell the prognosis of the patients. This study shows that besides the Langerhans' cells, the indeterminate cells of the skin and the interdigitating dendritic reticulum cells of the lymph node may also be involved in this process. Moreover, some multinucleate giant cells and foamy cells may be derived from Langerhans' and related cells.     

鱼类寄生宫脂属线虫研究进展

宫脂属线虫是鱼类寄生线虫的重要类群。本文从分类学、流行病学、生态学以及生活史等方面对宫脂属线虫的研究进展进行了论述。     

慢性心功能不全时经主动脉移植干细胞的可行性研究

心肌梗死或/和慢性心功能不全时,心脏干细胞移植是一项颇有应用前景的新的治疗技术。但是,对于非缺血性心脏病所致的慢性心功能不全,目前所采用的移植路径有一定的局限性。本试验拟研究慢性心功能不全时,封堵主动脉窦上部经主动脉根部移植干细胞是否可行。阿霉素所致的慢性心功能不全兔模型,采用双球囊封堵主动脉窦上部经主动脉根部自体移植骨髓单核细胞,4周后评价心功能。在封堵主动脉窦上部经主动脉根部移植干细胞时,无1例因移植手术死亡。双球囊充盈时造影显示,主动脉窦显影良好,大部分情况下,左、右冠状动脉可显影。骨髓单核细胞移植4周后,左室射血分数改善明显(P=0 .0 34)。所以,慢性心功能不全时,封堵主动脉窦上部经主动脉根部移植干细胞安全可行。     

人睾丸组织中成熟精子的分离方法初探

探索简单、适用的体外分离睾丸组织中成熟精子的方法,以用于男性无精子症病人行卵母细胞内单精子注射受精-胚胎移植为目的。用含不同浓度透明质酸酶的10 %人血白蛋白人类输卵管液培养人睾丸曲细精管组织匀浆2 4 h,再用Percoll梯度离心法洗涤后计算所获各级精子的总数,并设置前后对照和空白对照进行比较。用不同浓度透明质酸酶处理后的4个实验组分别与2个对照组比较,实验组所获得的各级精子的总数高于对照组,有显著差异(P<0 .0 1)。实验组中透明质酸酶浓度分别为5 0、10 0、15 0 u/ ml的10 %人血白蛋白人类输卵管液处理组获得的各级精子总数组间比较,处理前对照和处理后空白对照之间比较,无显著差异(P>0 .0 5 )。而用浓度为2 0 0 u/ ml的10 %人血白蛋白人类输卵管液处理组获得的各级精子的总数与其它浓度处理组之间比较存在统计学差异(P<0 .0 1) ,其所获得的各级精子总数相似,但活动能力较其它浓度处理组低。透明质酸酶结合Percoll梯度离心可从人睾丸曲细精管组织匀浆中分离出较多更纯的成熟精子,但过高浓度的透明质酸酶可能会影响分离出的精子的活动能力。     

均匀材料和基于CT灰度值材料的股骨、胫骨有限元分析

为了定量分析骨量分布与载荷环境的关系,基于CT数据建立了大鼠股骨和胫骨的三维有限元模型,并分别赋予均匀的材料特性和基于CT灰度值的材料特性,用描述骨密度与力学刺激关系的算法来评估简单生理载荷下两种材料模型的有限元分析结果。结果表明,基于CT灰度值模型的有效应力和应变能密度分布与CT灰度分布比较相似,相关系数也较均匀材料模型更高;而且,基于CT灰度值模型的抗断裂能力更强;除此之外,这类模型也更符合骨再造平衡时的力学刺激均匀性假设。基于CT灰度值的有限元模型符合骨的功能适应性原理,可用于进行骨骼内部受力、变形和断裂分析,以及骨再造的数值仿真等研究。     

眉部运动的显微外科解剖学研究及其临床意义

目的：为解决除皱术中眉毛上提效果欠佳,不够持久的问题。方法：对10例新鲜尸体进行了大体及显微解剖。结果：证实了额肌深面“滑动层”和“滑动间隙”的存在,观察了眉内侧2／3自皮肤向深面发出固定到眉嵴处的眉毛支持韧带,外侧上方的颞融合线和下方的眉限制韧带静态固定结构,上述结构决定了眉毛的形态;阐述了额肌、皱眉肌和降眉肌的眉毛动力机制,探讨了老年性外侧眉毛下垂主要由于外侧的滑动脂肪垫向下“疝出”所致。结论：通过破坏“滑动间隙”,切断颞融合线和眉限制韧带,切除外侧滑动脂肪垫,达到眉部上提的良好、持久效果。     

焦虑性神经症患者投入超脱程度及相关因素研究

为了测量焦虑性神经症患者的认知 ,我们编制了精神超脱量表 ,并在大学生和社区人群中进行了信度和效度的检验[1] 。根据道家认知治疗的理论基础 ,焦虑性神经症患者应该存在认知偏差。那么这种偏差具体是什么 ,和患者的人格特征 ,A型行为特征和临床症状又有什么样的关系呢 ?为此我们对焦虑性神经症患者进行了对照研究 ,以验证在临床中发现的神经症患者的认知偏差及其临床意义。1　材料与方法1.1　研究对象患者来自 2 0 0 1年 2月至 2 0 0 2年 8月之间在某综合医院精神科门诊和某精神病院神经症病房就诊的焦虑性神经症患者 ,符合CCMD - 3中…     

Noggin signaling from Xenopus animal blastomere lineages promotes a neural fate in neighboring vegetal blastomere lineages.

In Xenopus, localized factors begin to regionalize embryonic fates prior to the inductive interactions that occur during gastrulation. We previously reported that an animal-to-vegetal signal that occurs prior to gastrulation promotes primary spinal neuron fate in vegetal equatorial (C-tier) blastomere lineages. Herein we demonstrate that maternal mRNA encoding noggin is enriched in animal tiers and at low concentrations in the C-tier, suggesting that the neural fates of C-tier blastomeres may be responsive to early signaling from their neighboring cells. In support of this hypothesis, experimental alteration of the levels of Noggin from animal equatorial (B-tier) or BMP4 from vegetal (D-tier) blastomeres significantly affects the numbers of primary spinal neurons derived from their neighboring C-tier blastomeres. These effects are duplicated in blastomere explants isolated at cleavage stages and cultured in the absence of gastrulation interactions. Co-culture with animal blastomeres enhanced the expression of zygotic neural markers in C-tier blastomere explants, whereas co-culture with vegetal blastomeres repressed them. The expression of these markers in C-tier explants was promoted when Noggin was transiently added to the culture during cleavage/morula stages, and repressed with the transient addition of BMP4. Reduction of Noggin translation in B-tier blastomeres by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides significantly reduced the efficacy of neural marker induction in C-tier explants. These experiments indicate that early anti-BMP signaling from the animal hemisphere recruits vegetal equatorial cells into the neural precursor pool prior to interactions that occur during gastrulation.