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Sofiya Alhassan Ogechi Nwaokelemeh Kate Lyden TaShauna Goldsby Albert Mendoza 《Child Care in Practice》2013,19(1):23-35
The impact of additional structured outdoor playtime on preschoolers'; physical activity (PA) level is unclear. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effects of increasing structured outdoor playtime on preschoolers'; PA levels. Eight full-day classrooms (n=134 children) from two preschool programmes were randomised into a treatment (STRUCT, n=4) or control (CON, n=4) condition. Both groups received an additional 30 minutes of outdoor playtime three days per week for four weeks. The STRUCT intervention consisted of previously tested structured outdoor playtime activities/games. The CON intervention consisted of free outdoor playtime. Children were individually recruited (n=75) for the objective assessment of PA levels. The PA levels of 67 children (age, 4.1±0.8 years; STRUCT, n=38; CON, n=29) were assessed at baseline and during week four for seven consecutive days using Actigraph accelerometers. Data were analysed using mixed-model analysis of variance. Time spent in vigorous PA significantly increased during the 30-minute intervention time for the STRUCT group compared with the CON group (group×time interaction: F(1, 36) = 4.91, p=0.04). Compared with baseline, a significant increase was observed in the STRUCT group's time spent engaged in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) during the intervention time, but this increase was not significant compared with the CON group (baseline: STRUCT, 1.7±2.0 min; CON, 1.9±2.4 min; week four: STRUCT, 4.9±3.1 min; CON, 3.3±2.5 min). Compared with the CON group, the STRUCT group spent a significantly greater percentage of time engaged in MVPA and a significantly lower percentage of time engaged in sedentary activity during the preschool day. In conclusion, this study provides preliminary evidence that increasing preschoolers'; exposure to structured activities during outdoor playtime could lead to improvements in their PA levels. The present intervention could be used to help preschoolers meet the recommended levels of PA. 相似文献
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Gardner CD Kiazand A Alhassan S Kim S Stafford RS Balise RR Kraemer HC King AC 《JAMA》2007,297(9):969-977
Context Popular diets, particularly those low in carbohydrates, have challenged current recommendations advising a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. Potential benefits and risks have not been tested adequately. Objective To compare 4 weight-loss diets representing a spectrum of low to high carbohydrate intake for effects on weight loss and related metabolic variables. Design, Setting, and Participants Twelve-month randomized trial conducted in the United States from February 2003 to October 2005 among 311 free-living, overweight/obese (body mass index, 27-40) nondiabetic, premenopausal women. Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to follow the Atkins (n = 77), Zone (n = 79), LEARN (n = 79), or Ornish (n = 76) diets and received weekly instruction for 2 months, then an additional 10-month follow-up. Main Outcome Measures Weight loss at 12 months was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included lipid profile (low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels), percentage of body fat, waist-hip ratio, fasting insulin and glucose levels, and blood pressure. Outcomes were assessed at months 0, 2, 6, and 12. The Tukey studentized range test was used to adjust for multiple testing. Results Weight loss was greater for women in the Atkins diet group compared with the other diet groups at 12 months, and mean 12-month weight loss was significantly different between the Atkins and Zone diets (P<.05). Mean 12-month weight loss was as follows: Atkins, 4.7 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3 to 3.1 kg), Zone, 1.6 kg (95% CI, 2.8 to 0.4 kg), LEARN, 2.6 kg (3.8 to 1.3 kg), and Ornish, 2.2 kg (3.6 to 0.8 kg). Weight loss was not statistically different among the Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups. At 12 months, secondary outcomes for the Atkins group were comparable with or more favorable than the other diet groups. Conclusions In this study, premenopausal overweight and obese women assigned to follow the Atkins diet, which had the lowest carbohydrate intake, lost more weight and experienced more favorable overall metabolic effects at 12 months than women assigned to follow the Zone, Ornish, or LEARN diets. While questions remain about long-term effects and mechanisms, a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diet may be considered a feasible alternative recommendation for weight loss. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00079573 相似文献
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This study examined professional and practice characteristics associated with assessment and intervention self-efficacy among gerontological social workers in Ontario, Canada who participated in online surveys. Results from multivariate analyses indicated that higher client acuity, longer duration of practice experience, smaller caseloads, and a greater proportion of clients 85 and over were significantly associated with greater assessment self-efficacy. Greater client acuity and smaller caseloads were also significantly associated with greater intervention self-efficacy. Implications for education include the importance of providing practical experience with the oldest old and with clients with greater biopsychosocial complexity. Also recommended is the need for manageable caseloads, especially when older adults with complex needs are part of the practice milieu. 相似文献
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Jean‐Michel Gracies MD PhD Michael O'Dell MD Michele Vecchio MD PhD Peter Hedera MD PhD Serdar Kocer MD Monika Rudzinska‐Bar MD PhD Bruce Rubin MD Sofiya L. Timerbaeva MD PhD Anna Lusakowska MD PhD François Constant Boyer MD PhD Anne‐Sophie Grandoulier MSc Claire Vilain MD Philippe Picaut PharmD for the International AbobotulinumtoxinA Adult Upper Limb Spasticity Study Group 《Muscle & nerve》2018,57(2):245-254
Introduction: The efficacy of single injections of abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport) is established in adults with upper limb spasticity. In this study we assessed the effects of repeated injections of abobotulinumtoxinA over 1 year. Methods: Patients (n = 258, safety population) received 500 U, 1,000 U, or 1,500 U (1,500‐U dose included 500‐U shoulder injections) for up to 4 or 5 treatment cycles. Assessments included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), muscle tone, passive and active range of motion (XV1, XA), angle of catch (XV3), Disability Assessment Scale (DAS) score, Modified Frenchay Scale (MFS) score, and Physician Global Assessment (PGA) score. Results: The incidence of TEAEs decreased across cycles. Muscle tone reduction and XV1 remained stable across cycles, whereas XV3 and XA continued to improve at the finger, wrist, and elbow flexors. DAS and PGA improved across cycles. MFS improved best with 1,500 U. Discussion: A favorable safety profile and continuous improvements in active movements and perceived and active function were associated with repeated abobotulinumtoxinA injections in upper limb muscles. Muscle Nerve 57 : 245–254, 2018 相似文献
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Changes in physical activity from walking to school 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sirard JR Alhassan S Spencer TR Robinson TN 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2008,40(5):324-326
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Feasibility and Effects of Short Activity Breaks for Increasing Preschool‐Age Children's Physical Activity Levels 下载免费PDF全文
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