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61.
Effective detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile by a two-step algorithm including tests for antigen and cytotoxin 下载免费PDF全文
Ticehurst JR Aird DZ Dam LM Borek AP Hargrove JT Carroll KC 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2006,44(3):1145-1149
We evaluated a two-step algorithm for detecting toxigenic Clostridium difficile: an enzyme immunoassay for glutamate dehydrogenase antigen (Ag-EIA) and then, for antigen-positive specimens, a concurrent cell culture cytotoxicity neutralization assay (CCNA). Antigen-negative results were > or = 99% predictive of CCNA negativity. Because the Ag-EIA reduced cell culture workload by approximately 75 to 80% and two-step testing was complete in < or = 3 days, we decided that this algorithm would be effective. Over 6 months, our laboratories' expenses were US dollar 143,000 less than if CCNA alone had been performed on all 5,887 specimens. 相似文献
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Incidence of diabetes in youth in the United States 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Writing Group for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group Dabelea D Bell RA D'Agostino RB Imperatore G Johansen JM Linder B Liu LL Loots B Marcovina S Mayer-Davis EJ Pettitt DJ Waitzfelder B 《JAMA》2007,297(24):2716-2724
Context Data on the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among US youth according to racial/ethnic background and DM type are limited. Objective To estimate DM incidence in youth aged younger than 20 years according to race/ethnicity and DM type. Design, Setting, and Participants A multiethnic, population-based study (The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study) of 2435 youth with newly diagnosed, nonsecondary DM in 2002 and 2003, ascertained at 10 study locations in the United States, covering a population of more than 10 million person-years. Main Outcome Measure Incidence rates by age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and DM type were calculated per 100 000 person-years at risk. Diabetes mellitus type (type 1/type 2) was based on health care professional assignment and, in a subset, further characterized with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantibody and fasting C peptide measures. Results The incidence of DM (per 100 000 person-years) was 24.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.3-25.3). Among children younger than 10 years, most had type 1 DM, regardless of race/ethnicity. The highest rates of type 1 DM were observed in non-Hispanic white youth (18.6, 28.1, and 32.9 for age groups 0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years, respectively). Even among older youth (10 years), type 1 DM was frequent among non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, and African American adolescents. Overall, type 2 DM was still relatively infrequent, but the highest rates (17.0 to 49.4 per 100 000 person-years) were documented among 15- to 19-year-old minority groups. Conclusions Our data document the incidence rates of type 1 DM among youth of all racial/ethnic groups, with the highest rates in non-Hispanic white youth. Overall, type 2 DM is still relatively infrequent; however, the highest rates were observed among adolescent minority populations. 相似文献
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Shapiro NI Schuetz P Yano K Sorasaki M Parikh SM Jones AE Trzeciak S Ngo L Aird WC 《Critical care (London, England)》2010,14(5):R182
Introduction
Previous reports suggest that endothelial activation is an important process in sepsis pathogenesis. We investigated the association between biomarkers of endothelial cell activation and sepsis severity, organ dysfunction sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and death. 相似文献70.