Lamivudine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B s-antigen seropositive cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: For cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a well described complication resulting in varying degrees of liver damage. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of the antiviral agent lamivudine in reducing the incidence of HBV reactivation and diminishing morbidity and mortality of cancer patients with chronic HBV infection during chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two groups were compared in this nonrandomized study. The prophylactic lamivudine group consisted of 65 patients in a phase II study who were treated with lamivudine before and until 8 weeks after discontinuing chemotherapy. The historical controls consisted of 193 consecutive patients who underwent chemotherapy without prophylactic lamivudine. Significant prognosticators for the development of HBV reactivation were determined based on data from the controls. Potential confounding factors were identified between the two groups. The outcomes were compared. RESULTS: In the controls, lymphoma and anthracycline usage were factors identified to be associated with reactivation. The two groups were comparable in most baseline characteristics, although in the prophylactic lamivudine group, there were significantly more patients with lymphoma and receiving anthracyclines. In the prophylactic lamivudine group, there was significantly less HBV reactivation (4.6% v 24.4% in the controls; P <.001), fewer incidences of hepatitis (17.5% v 44.6%; P <.0001) that were less severe (4.8% v 18.7%; P =.0005), and less disruption of chemotherapy (15.4% v 34.6%; P =.0029). The reduction in overall mortality was not statistically different. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic lamivudine significantly reduced the incidence of HBV reactivation and the overall morbidity of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.     

静脉注射硝酸甘油诱导大鼠脑膜核因子-κB表达增强

目的观察偏头痛大鼠模型不同时相脑膜核因子-κB(NF-κB)的表达特征.方法采用静脉注射硝酸甘油(GTN)法建立大鼠偏头痛模型,应用免疫组织化学法观察对照组、GTN iv 后0.5,1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0 h组脑膜NF-κB阳性染色细胞的分布,采用Western印迹法观察相应时间点脑膜核NF-κB的蛋白表达量.结果 GTN iv后0.5 h即出现大鼠脑膜NF-κB核阳性反应和核NF-κB蛋白表达量增高,1.5 h核NF-κB蛋白表达量达高峰,然后逐渐回落,至4 h接近正常水平.结论 GTN iv后早期脑膜呈时限性核NF-κB蛋白表达增强,提示NF-κB蛋白表达增强可能与偏头痛有关.     

浅论企业药品召回管理规范的制定

结合中美史克公司召回康泰克的经验,浅谈企业药品召回管理规范的制定.     

THE HUMORAL ANTITUMOR RESPONSES INDUCED BY IL-4 GENE-MODIFIED TUMOR VACCINE

ＴＨＥＨＵＭＯＲＡＬＡＮＴＩＴＵＭＯＲＲＥＳＰＯＮＳＥＳＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＢＹＩＬ４ＧＥＮＥＭＯＤＩＦＩＥＤＴＵＭＯＲＶＡＣＣＩＮＥ１ＹｕＹｉｚｈｉ于益芝ＣａｏＸｕｅｔａｏ２曹雪涛ＺｈａｎｇＭｉｎｇｈｕｉ张明徽ＬｅｉＨｏｎｇ雷虹ＴａｏＱｕｎ陶群Ｄｅｐ...     

利用粘附式细胞仪测定培养巨噬细胞内pH值

用ｐＨ值敏感荧光探针Ｓｎａｆｌｃａｌｃｅｉｎ－ＡＭ标记体外培养４８小时的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，５７０型粘附式细胞仪观察巨噬细胞在对刀豆素Ａ进行受体介导内吞过程中细胞内ｐＨ值的变化。结果显示，开始内吞后细胞内ｐＨ值即降低，内吞进行到第５分钟细胞内ｐＨ值降到最低，在此后的６分钟内均维持于这一较低水平。本法灵敏度高，简便快捷，适用范围广，可无损伤观察活细胞或细胞器ｐＨ值的变化。     

浅析开展护理高等职业教育的必要性

根据江泽民同志的"教育要全面适应社会主义现代化对各类人才的需要 ,全面提高教育质量和办学效益"的指示精神 ,积极开展护理学高等教育以适应医学和护理学的飞速发展。近几年来 ,我国的护理教育经过结构调整 ,已形成本科、大专、中专三个层次 ,但是中专教育仍占较大的比例。随着现代护理学的发展 ,中专教育的知识结构和业务能力已难以适应新的岗位。开展护理高等职业教育 ,按照现代护理岗位或岗位职务群对人才素质的需要 ,规划教育全过程 ,为社会培养高素质、强能力的护理人才。同时为目前在岗的数以千万计的接受过中专或中等职业教育的护理人员提供继续教育的机会     

呼吸机集中管理的可行性讨论

在医院使用呼吸机的科室很多,但使用率不同,那么,有些科室不常使用呼吸机,所以使用时可能会出现各种问题.为避免这类情况发生,应该有一个很好的解决办法.     

单片机电子视力计的研制

目前在医院查体和眼科视力检测方面仍然使用简单的视力表,这样,既不准确又需要专门的检查人员,很不方便。本文介绍了一种用单片机制作的视力计,具有方便、快捷、准确的特点。文中简述了该机的设计思路、过程和使用方法。该设备对医院有较大的实用价值。     

穿透性角膜移植术治疗坏死性基质角膜炎23例

目的:探讨穿透性角膜移植术(penetratingkeratoplasty,PKP)治疗坏死性基质角膜炎(necrotizingstromalkeratitis)的手术适应证及其临床效果。方法:按照Holland等的HSK新分类法,选择确诊坏死性基质角膜炎患者,予以局部及全身药物治疗。对病情不能控制,药物治疗无效的患者22例(23眼),其中角膜溶解穿孔3眼,用新鲜角膜组织行穿透性角膜移植术,并随访观察术后疗效。结果:随访3mo～3a,22例(23眼)中,术后视力提高者18眼,其中矫正视力达到0.1～0.5者12眼,0.05～0.1者6眼;无改善者5眼。角膜植片透明17眼,半透明2眼,植片混浊4眼,植片透明率为74%。术后3眼植片发生排斥反应,3眼原发病灶复发。2眼术后因排斥反应及原发病灶反复发作,植片完全混浊,行2次角膜移植术。结论:对坏死性基质角膜炎患者,药物保守治疗无效、角膜坏死穿孔或行将穿孔,及时用新鲜角膜组织行穿透性角膜移植术治疗,不仅能控制炎症,缩短病程,而且能保存眼球,恢复部分视力,因此具有重要临床应用价值。