Dorsal lunate tilt (DISI configuration): sign of scaphoid fracture displacement

Excessive dorsiflexion (dorsal tilting) of the lunate on a lateral wrist radiograph can be an important sign of carpal injury. Lunate dorsiflexion is a well-recognized sign of an intercarpal ligamentous injury pattern known as dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI). It is less well recognized that excessive dorsal tilting of the lunate (DISI configuration) can also be produced by displacement of a scaphoid waist fracture. Since the management and prognosis of displaced scaphoid fractures may be quite different from those for nondisplaced fractures, radiologists can make an important contribution by recognizing dorsal tilting of the lunate and appreciating that it may be an important, indirect sign of scaphoid fracture displacement, which may not be directly visualized with standard wrist radiography. In this setting, computed tomography or complex motion tomography may be helpful for further evaluation of the scaphoid fracture.     

Rotator cuff lesions of the shoulder: evaluation by direct sagittal CT arthrography

Direct sagittal computed tomographic scanning (DSCT) of the shoulder was performed in 42 symptomatic patients, six healthy volunteers, and two cadaver shoulders. Axial CT scanning and double-contrast arthrography with plain radiographs were performed in 41 patients for comparison. DSCT enabled correct identification of 27 of 29 lesions in 24 patients. Seventeen patients had normal shoulders. Axial CT scanning and DSCT together enabled correct identification of all lesions and were markedly superior to plain-film arthrography. DSCT enabled diagnosis of all cases of complete rotator cuff tear plus three cases of incomplete tear and three of rotator cuff atrophy not identified by the other techniques. Axial CT scanning was better than DSCT for diagnosis of Bankart lesions.     

Progressive and regressive changes in the nucleus pulposus. Part I. The neonate

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, correlated with anatomic sections, was used to characterize the progressive and regressive changes in the nucleus pulposus in neonates. The spines of five fetuses and five full-term infants between 16 and 40 weeks old were studied. In anatomic sections, the nucleus pulposus was sharply demarcated from the anulus fibrosus, Sharpey fibers were conspicuous, and a plate of primitive notochord was evident in the equator of the disk. On long repetition time (TR)/long echo time (TE) or long TR/short TE MR images, Sharpey fibers (low signal intensity) and notochord (low signal intensity) could be differentiated from the high-signal-intensity nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus. The major differences between the fetal and infant spines were the amount of notochord in the disk and ossification in the vertebral body.     

糙海参皂苷Scabraside A、B的抗真菌和抗肿瘤活性

糙海参(Hlolthuria scabra Jaeger)属棘皮动物门、海参纲、楯手目、海参科,又名玉参、白参,广泛分布于我国海域.[1]     

血清高迁移率族蛋白A2、糖类抗原125、人附睾蛋白4在卵巢上皮癌中的表达及诊断价值分析

目的 探讨血清高迁移率族蛋白A2(HMGA2)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、人附睾蛋白4(HE4)对卵巢上皮癌的诊断价值.方法 将50例卵巢上皮癌患者作为恶性组,30例良性卵巢肿瘤患者作为良性组,30例良性妇科疾病患者作为对照组,比较3组患者血清HMGA2、CA125、HE4水平及不同病理类型卵巢上皮癌患者HMGA2、CA125、HE4水平,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析HMGA2、CA125、HE4诊断卵巢上皮癌的临床价值.结果 恶性组患者血清HMGA2、CA125、HE4水平均高于良性组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).浆液性癌及黏液性癌患者血清CA125、HE4水平均高于子宫内膜样癌患者,且浆液性癌患者血清CA125水平高于黏液性癌患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).HMGA2、CA125、HE4联合诊断卵巢上皮癌的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.995,大于三者单独诊断的AUC(0.925、0.944、0.936).结论 HMGA2联合CA125、HE4诊断卵巢上皮癌能够显著提高临床诊断价值,能够作为卵巢癌的重要辅助诊断指标.     

经颅多谱勒超声在位置性缺血性眩晕中的应用

目的:探讨经颅多谱勒超声(TCD)在颈椎病(椎动脉型)所致位置性缺血性眩晕中的诊断价值.方法:利用TCD对颈椎病所致位置性缺血性眩晕76例患者进行双侧大脑后动脉(PCA)的平均血流速度分析,并结合转颈试验,探测双侧PCA平均血流速的动态变化情况.结果:颈椎病所致位置性缺血性眩晕患者当头侧向转动时,双侧PCA的平均血流速度暂时性降低,当头转回中立位时,平均血流速度逐渐回升.结论:TCD有助于识别位置性眩晕中的真性位置性缺血患者,是一种无创、简便、价廉、可靠,并可床旁操作和提供实时动态血流动力学资料的重要检查方法.     

内蒙古自治区智力残疾现患率调查及病因分析

目的:了解内蒙古自治区智力残疾(mental retardation.MR)的现患率及其分布特点,分析其主要致残原因构成特点,探讨预防治疗措施。方法:采用概率比例、多阶段分层整群抽样方法进行现况调查及病例对照研究,根据年龄分别使用丹佛发育筛查测验及《7岁以上人群残疾筛查问卷》筛查,分别使用Gesell发育诊断量表及韦氏儿童智力量表简式(WISC-CR),韦氏成人智力量表简式(WAIS-RC)进行智力诊断,采用SPSS11.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果:①内蒙古自治区智力残疾患者的现患率为4.95‰,男性MR现患率高于女性(χ2=6.28,df=1,P<0.05),农村MR的现患率明显高于城市(χ2=60.035,df=1,P<0.01)。②内蒙古自治区智力残疾致残原因以疾病(29.26%)和遗传因素(23.79%)为主。③在18岁之前(智力发育期)发现智力残疾的占74.53%,且以0~3岁发现智力残疾的人数比例最高(48.84%)。结论:智力残疾的防治重点应在农村,预防应以疾病(主要包括脑疾病、内分泌障碍、惊厥性疾病)及遗传因素为主。强调早期发现、早期干预。