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排序方式: 共有619条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
611.
Sten G. Zelle Kofi M. Nyarko William K. Bosu Moses Aikins Laurens M. Niëns Jeremy A. Lauer Cecilia R. Sepulveda Jan A. C. Hontelez Rob Baltussen 《Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH》2012,17(8):1031-1043
Objective Breast cancer control in Ghana is characterised by low awareness, late‐stage treatment and poor survival. In settings with severely constrained health resources, there is a need to spend money wisely. To achieve this and to guide policy makers in their selection of interventions, this study systematically compares costs and effects of breast cancer control interventions in Ghana. Methods We used a mathematical model to estimate costs and health effects of breast cancer interventions in Ghana from the healthcare perspective. Analyses were based on the WHO‐CHOICE method, with health effects expressed in disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), costs in 2009 US dollars (US$) and cost‐effectiveness ratios (CERs) in US$ per DALY averted. Analyses were based on local demographic, epidemiological and economic data, to the extent these data were available. Results Biennial screening by clinical breast examination (CBE) of women aged 40–69 years, in combination with treatment of all stages, seems the most cost‐effective intervention (costing $1299 per DALY averted). The intervention is also economically attractive according to international standards on cost‐effectiveness. Mass media awareness raising (MAR) is the second best option (costing $1364 per DALY averted). Mammography screening of women of aged 40–69 years (costing $12 908 per DALY averted) cannot be considered cost‐effective. Conclusions Both CBE screening and MAR seem economically attractive interventions. Given the uncertainty about the effectiveness of these interventions, only their phased introduction, carefully monitored and evaluated, is warranted. Moreover, their implementation is only meaningful if the capacity of basic cancer diagnostic, referral and treatment and possibly palliative services is simultaneously improved. 相似文献
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Laurens J Valko Y Straumann D 《Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation》2011,21(5):251-266
Visuo-vestibular interactions in monkeys can be accurately modelled using the classical Raphan and Cohen's model. This model is composed of direct vestibular and visual contributions to the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and of a velocity storage. We applied this model to humans and estimated its parameters in a series of experiments: yaw rotations at moderate (60°/s) and high velocities (240°/s), suppression of the VOR by a head-fixed wide-field visual stimulus, and optokinetic stimulation with measurements of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN). We found the velocity storage time constant to be 13 s, which decreased to 8 s during visual suppression. OKAN initial velocity was 12% of the OKN stimulus velocity. The gain of the direct visual pathway was 0.75 during both visual suppression and OKN; however, the visual input to the velocity storage was higher during visual suppression than during OKN. We could not estimate the time constant of the semicircular canals accurately. Finally, we inferred from high-velocity rotations that the velocity storage saturates around 20-30°/s. Our results indicate that the dynamics of visuo-vestibular interactions in humans is similar as in monkeys. The central integration of visual cues, however, is weaker in humans. 相似文献
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Freek E. Hoebeek Sara Khosrovani Laurens Witter Chris I. De Zeeuw 《Cerebellum (London, England)》2008,7(4):547-558
Homozygous tottering mice are spontaneous ataxic mutants, which carry a mutation in the gene encoding the ion pore of the
P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels. P/Q-type calcium channels are prominently expressed in Purkinje cell terminals, but
it is unknown to what extent these inhibitory terminals in tottering mice are affected at the morphological and electrophysiological
level. Here, we investigated the distribution and ultrastructure of their Purkinje cell terminals in the cerebellar nuclei
as well as the activities of their target neurons. The densities of Purkinje cell terminals and their synapses were not significantly
affected in the mutants. However, the Purkinje cell terminals were enlarged and had an increased number of vacuoles, whorled
bodies, and mitochondria. These differences started to occur between 3 and 5 weeks of age and persisted throughout adulthood.
Stimulation of Purkinje cells in adult tottering mice resulted in inhibition at normal latencies, but the activities of their
postsynaptic neurons in the cerebellar nuclei were abnormal in that the frequency and irregularity of their spiking patterns
were enhanced. Thus, although the number of their terminals and their synaptic contacts appear quantitatively intact, Purkinje
cells in tottering mice show several signs of axonal damage that may contribute to altered postsynaptic activities in the
cerebellar nuclei.
Freek E. Hoebeek and Sara Khosrovani contributed equally. 相似文献
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619.
Annemieke C. Ziedses des Plantes BSc Alessandra Scoccia MD Tara Neleman BSc Frederik T. W. Groenland MD Laurens J. C. van Zandvoort MD PhD Jurgen M. R. Ligthart RT Karen T. Witberg RN Shengnan Liu PhD Eric Boersma PhD Rutger-Jan Nuis MD PhD Wijnand K. den Dekker MD PhD Jeroen Wilschut MD Roberto Diletti MD PhD Felix Zijlstra MD PhD Nicolas M. Van Mieghem MD PhD Joost Daemen MD PhD 《Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions》2023,102(1):25-35