思想道德修养与法律基础课程改革效果分析与建议

通过对北京大学医学部参与思想道德修养与法律基础课程学习的学生进行的调查，探讨了思想道德修养与法律基础课程教学改革的效果，针对医学生的特点提出了增加教学课时、培训教师、采用多种教学方式等建议，为今后课程的发展提供了依据。     

金口宝对兔口腔溃疡模型的影响

目的 探讨金口宝对兔口腔溃疡的治疗效果及其作用机制.方法 在60只实验用SPF级新西兰大白兔中随机抓取6只作为溃疡模型的鉴定,其余随机等分为3组:对照组(NC组)、生理盐水药膜组(NS组)、金口宝药膜组(JK组).用40％的冰醋酸溶液烧灼兔口腔颊膜复制口腔溃疡模型.观察在造模当天及给药的第3、5、7天兔口腔溃疡的变化情况,利用逆转录PCR检测兔口腔颊部黏膜组织中表皮生长因子(EGF)水平,使用HE染色观察兔口腔溃疡局部病理组织学变化.结果 与NS组比较,在给药的第3、5、7天JK组可以显著减小溃疡面积(P＜0.01).与NC组比较,NS组、JK组兔口腔颊部黏膜组织中EGF水平明显升高(P＜0.01),但JK组EGF水平较NS组升高快,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).在给药的第3、5、7天,兔口腔溃疡HE染色切片显示,JK组较NS组炎症细胞明显减少,成纤维细胞明显增生,上皮增生情况良好.结论 金口宝可以明显改善兔口腔溃疡症状并促进溃疡愈合,金口宝可能是通过调节口腔溃疡时EGF水平而增强口腔溃疡的修复能力.     

感染腺病毒人气管及肺器官组织培养的形态学观察

对感染Ⅲ型腺病毒人气管及肺器官培养组织进行了动态的形态学观察。在接种病毒后8～15天出现了特异性包含体,主要分布在细支气管和呼吸性支气管上皮细胞,也可见于大支气管上皮细胞及腺细胞。与包含体细胞相邻的上皮细胞生长良好,未见腺病毒肺炎时常见的大片坏死,说明单纯腺病毒的直接杀细胞作用不是引起腺病毒肺炎时组织严重坏死的主要机理。     

The prognostic role of diabetes mellitus type 2 in the setting of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AimTo evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) on the outcomes after treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsPubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Databases were systematically searched. Three HCC clinical outcomes were explored: death, progressive disease after locoregional therapies, and recurrence. Sub-analysis was performed according to the use of potentially curative (resection, transplantation, termo-ablation) or non-curative therapies. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare the pooled data between T2DM and non-T2DM groups.ResultsA total of 27 studies were analyzed. Overall, 85.2% of articles were from Asia. T2MD was associated with an increased risk of death (OR 3.60; 95%CI 2.18-5.95; P < 0.001), irrespective of the treatment approach: curative (OR 1.30 95%CI 1.09-1.54; P = 0.003) or non-curative (OR 1.05; 95%CI 1.00-1.10; P = 0.045), increased HCC recurrence (OR 1.30; 95%CI 1.03-1.63; P = 0.03), and increased disease progressiveness (OR 1.24; 95%CI 1.09-1.41; P = 0.001).ConclusionsCurrent data provide strong evidence that T2DM unfavorably affects HCC progression and recurrence, and patients'' survival after treatment, irrespective of the approach used.

The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing (1,2) as the result of the globally increased prevalence of NALFD, which is estimated to be about 25% (3). NAFLD patients have a two- to three-fold increase in the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), and the risk is even higher in those with more severe hepatic disease and fibrosis (4-6). On the other hand, patients with T2DM have a higher prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and end-stage liver disease (7).Several studies have documented the relation between T2DM and the incidence of different cancer types, while the data on the relationship between T2DM and increased risk of incident HCC seem especially robust and clinically reliable (8-10). Observational studies suggest higher mortality of patients developing HCC in the presence of T2DM (11,12). On the other hand, data from meta-analyses suggest that both the risk and prognosis of patients with HCC and diabetes might be influenced by the type of anti-diabetic treatment, where metformin, unlike sulphonylurea, potentially protects against cancer and leads to better prognosis in case of cancer development (13,14).The underlying mechanisms linking T2DM and HCC are still under scientific scrutiny. However, the interconnections between metabolic derangements characteristic for T2DM, obesity, and NAFLD suggest that insulin resistance on the hepatic and systemic level and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, vasoactive factors, and pro-oxidant molecules are potentially implicated in the development and progression of HCC.With the intent to gain a better insight into this issue, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of T2DM on poor outcomes after HCC treatment. To explore several different clinical settings, three outcomes of interest were investigated: death, progressive disease after locoregional therapies, and recurrence. Moreover, sub-analyses were performed according to the use of potentially curative (resection, transplantation, termo-ablation) or non-curative therapies.     

microRNA在苯并（a）芘诱导人支气管上皮细胞转化过程中的作用

摘要：目的检测miRNA在苯并（a）芘（BaP）致癌过程中的表达变化及功能。方法利用BaP处理人支气管上皮细胞,获得了不同转化阶段的细胞模型（HBER、HBERNT、HBERT）,并利用生物芯fl-对这些细胞中的miRNA表达进行检测,筛选可能参与BaP致癌过程的miRNA。结果在可检测到的856个miRNA中,我们发现20个miRNA与细胞转化相关,其中12个miRNA在BaP诱导细胞转化早期就有表达变化,进一步筛选发现miR--638在细胞转化时表达下调,并且可以抑制细胞的增殖和克隆形成能力,可能参与细胞转化的过程。结论miRNA参与了BaP诱导细胞转化的过程,并发挥了重要功能,提示可作为BaP致癌早期的生物标志。     

持续腰大池引流在颅内动脉瘤术后的临床应用价值

目的:探讨持续腰大池引流在颅内动脉瘤术后的临床应用价值.方法:颅内动脉瘤术后,治疗组72例行持续腰大池引流,对照组49例每天腰椎穿刺,通过比较两组并发症及预后评定疗效.结果:经过持续腰大池引流后,有症状性脑血管痉挛的发生率从34.69%降低为18.31%,脑积水的发生率从26.53%降低为11.27%,脑梗塞的发生率从20.4%降低为7.04%,出院时恢复良好者占76.06%,而对照组为57.14%,以上均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),治疗组并发症的发生率为5.63%,死亡率为零,对照组并发症的发生率为零,两组之间并发症的发生无统计学意义.结论:持续腰大池引流能够减少蛛网膜下腔中的痉挛因素,减轻脑血管痉挛的发生,减少并发症,改善预后.     

初论《本草经集注》在中医药美容发展中的作用

《本草经集注》首次对《神农本草经》、《名医别录》中所载的美容中药进行了注释,便于认识和临床应用。从品种、产地、修治、植物形态、中药形态、质量鉴别、扩大应用、使用方法及注意等方面,对其进行了归纳和总结,初步探讨了《本草经集注》对中医药美容所起的承前启后作用。     

三氧化二砷诱导骨髓瘤细胞JAK/STAT3通路抑制作用的研究

目的 研究三氧化二砷(AS2O3)诱导人骨髓瘤细胞U266、RPMI8226细胞内 JAK/STAT3信号转导通路抑制与细胞增殖之间存在的关系.方法 采用MTT法观察AS2O3对骨髓瘤细胞作用的半数抑制浓度(IC50),流式细胞技术检测AS2O3作用前后细胞周期的改变情况,甲基化特异性PCR法检测AS2O3作用前后骨髓瘤细胞内SOCS-1基因甲基化状态的变化,Western blotting法检测AS2O3作用前后磷酸化STAT3蛋白的表达差异.结果 AS2O3作用72 h后,骨髓瘤细胞U266、RPMI8226细胞内磷酸化STAT3蛋白表达水平明显降低,同时伴随SOCS-1基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化程度明显减弱至消失,细胞增殖发生G0/G1期阻滞,上述三者变化均与AS2O3浓度呈正相关(r=0.85,P<0.05).结论 AS2O3可诱导骨髓瘤细胞增殖受抑,与AS2O3诱导细胞内JAK/STAT3信号转导通路抑制存在一定关系,且与细胞内SOCS-1基因甲基化状态改变相关.     

经皮肝穿胆道支架植入术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的研究

目的探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道支架植入术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效。方法 45例患者采用经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术及内支架植入术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸,其中胆管癌32例,胰头癌13例,术前及术后检查血清胆红素,观察减轻黄疸效果。结果 45例患者行经皮肝穿刺胆道支架植入术,支架植入成功42例,成功率93.3%,其中4例放置双支架。支架植入后扩张良好,胆汁引流通畅,术后1～4周血清胆红素下降明显(P<0.05),黄疸症状缓解明显。本组患者术后因腹腔内出血死亡1例,胆道出血2例,胆漏2例,胰腺炎3例,胆道感染8例。术后随访生存时间平均11.8个月,最长24个月。结论经皮肝穿刺胆道支架植入术是一种安全有效治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的方法,明显延长患者生存时间、减轻患者痛苦、提高生存质量。     

局麻关节镜下清理术治疗踝关节大骨节病的疗效分析

目的分析关节镜清理治疗踝关节大骨节病的近期疗效。方法 2000年7月至2012年3月关节镜治疗踝关节大骨节病共44例(48踝),包括左踝18例,右踝22例,双侧4例。男性26例,女性18例,平均年龄36(23~57)岁。采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分系统、疼痛视觉模评分(VAS)、踝关节背伸活动度(ROM)对术前和术后3、6、12、24个月进行随访时的功能状态进行评价。结果 VAS评分术前(6.8±0.9)分,术后3、6、12、24个月时分别为(1.9±0.7)、(2.2±0.9)、(2.9±1.2)、(4.8±2.1)分,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);AOFAS评分术前(53.6±7.4)分,术后各时间点分别为(86.6±4.9)、(83.4±6.4)、(77.0±4.7)、(67.0±5.3)分,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后踝关节背伸及下蹲显著改善,关节绞锁症状消失,疼痛得到缓解,6踝术后负重行走疼痛无改善。结论局麻关节镜下清理治疗踝关节大骨节病可显著缓解踝关节疼痛,改善行走功能,延缓疾病进展,提高患者生活质量。