奥美定注入小香猪体内后生殖毒性的观察

目的　观察奥美定注入小香猪体内后的生殖毒性。方法　注入奥美定后观察小香猪母代及子代的生长、健康情况 ,抽出奥美定检测丙烯酰胺单体含量以及抽血查染色体及微核试验观察。结果　 6只母代小香猪健康 ,2只与公猪交配 ,4个月及 5个月后生出 9只及 4只子代小猪 ,健康情况亦良好。在半年及 1年后分别抽出奥美定检测丙烯酰胺单体没有增加 ,共检测 9只小香猪的染色体包括母代及子代 ,均未发现数目畸变及结构畸变 ,微核试验有细微的变化 ,并初步反映出与用药量大小呈正相关 ,但超量注射的一只动物 (18.5ml/kg)变化的千分值仍在正常范围内。结论　从目前几项观察与检测指标看 ,实验量奥美定注入小香猪体内尚不具生殖遗传毒性     

皮肤软组织扩张术在四肢的应用

目的　应用皮肤软组织扩张术修复四肢的瘢痕、黑痣、文身等病损。方法　应用皮肤软组织扩张术 ,将扩张器置入四肢处且在与病损相邻的正常皮肤下 ,扩张后修复病损 5 2例。术中采用的扩张器大小及数量依病损面积而定 ,按每修复 1cm× 1cm缺损需扩张器容量 5ml计算。扩张后皮瓣的设计以横向滑行推进为主 ,少设计异位皮瓣 ,以防皮瓣血运障碍。纤维包膜尽量剥除 ,尤其位于基底部的纤维环 ,妨碍皮瓣向前推进 ,应将其切开、剥除。结果　本组 5 2例 ,其中 2 5例将病损完全切除 ,余 2 7例有部分病损遗留 ,但均无继发畸形。术后 6～ 12个月随访 12例患者 ,切口瘢痕轻度增生 ,效果满意。结论　在四肢上有可供扩张的正常皮肤时 ,扩张术仍然是修复四肢病损切除后创面的较好的方法。     

添加特需营养素的营养支持对手术创伤后肠黏膜形态和屏障功能的影响

目的 探讨补充益生菌等特需营养素对手术应激后机体肠道屏障功能、上皮紧密连接及微生态的影响.方法 SD大鼠70只随机分成对照组、全肠外营养组(TPN组)、普通肠内营养组(EN组)和生态免疫肠内营养组(EEN组).建立创伤应激模型,接受等氮、等能量营养支持后光镜和电镜下观察肠黏膜形态和紧密连接,比较肠道细菌脏器易位率、肠道菌群数量及肠黏膜occludin蛋白免疫组织化学表达.结果 (1)电镜下观察,TPN组肠上皮损伤程度较严重,而EN组和EEN损伤程度较轻,肠上皮紧密连接、微绒毛较完整;光镜下chiu分级,TPN组和EN及EEN组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(2)EEN组和EN组肠道跨膜结合蛋白表达明显优于TPN组,且EEN和EN组间差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05).(3)EEN组和EN组肝、肺和肠系膜淋巴结的肠道细菌易位率低于TPN组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(4)EEN组和EN组肠道内乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量均高于TPN组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 联合益生菌、肠道黏膜营养素、免疫营养素的营养支持能明显改善肠道微生态环境,维持肠道黏膜屏障和紧密连接,从而防止肠道菌群易位.     

多房性囊性肾癌一例报告及文献复习

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and outcome of multilocular cystic renal cell car-cinoma. Methods The clinic data of 1 case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma were reviewed with its clinical manifestation, imaging, pathology and therapy in our hospital. The male patient aged 49 was incidentally found to have a right renal tumor. The CT scan showed a multiloeular cystic tumor in the low pole of the right kidney with a clear outline. The thin septa were found in the tumor, which were enhanced in the enhancement CT scan. The enhancement MRI showed the cystic wall was en-hanced. Results The patient received a partial nephrectomy as his treatment. The pathological char-acteristics were as following: the multilocular cystic tumor was about 3 cm×2 cm×2 cm with clear serosity in it. The cystic wall was smooth with the width of 0.1-0.2 cm. Most of the cystic cavities were covered by monostratified or stratified cubic clear cells, and some were covered by squamous epi-thelium or no epithelium at all. The septum was composed of collagen fiber, and clear cells were found in it. The clear cells form small collections but do not form expansile nodules. The final pathological diagnosis was multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. The follow-up was 20 months, without local re-currence or distant metastasis was found. Conclusions Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma with a good prognosis. MCRCC is an uncommon tumor of the kidney composed of multiple cysts with clear cells in the septa indistinguishable from grade I renal cell carcinoma. Most patients are asymptomatie and the tumors are discovered inciden-tally. The preoperative diagnosis of MCRCC immediately depends on imaging studies. Pathology is the key to diagnosis.     

雌、孕激素受体和Her-2阴性乳腺癌的临床病理特征

Objective To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its value in the prediction of prognosis. Method In this study,500 cases of female breast cancers were examined immunohistochcmically for the TNBC. The clinicopathologic characteristics of the 243 TNBC cases were inspected. Results TNBC accounted for 17.6% (88/500) of the 500 breast cancers. The histological types of the TNBC included mainly infihrative ductal carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma and medullar carcinoma. Among those, histological grade Ⅲ accounted for 72.7% (64/88) of all the TNBC and was more common than that in hormone receptor positive breast cancers (HR+ group ) and Her-2 overexpression breast cancers (Her-2 group)(P=0.000). The positive rates of CK5/6 and EGFR in the TNBC were 30.7% (27/88) and 34.1% (30/88), respectively. The positive rates of ERCC1 and KIT in the TNBC were 28.4% (25/88) and 34.1% (30/88), respectively, Both of which were higher than those in the HR + group and Her-2 group, respectively (P=0.032 and P=0.026). 3-year survival rate of the TNBC was 71.5% and it was lower than that of HR group (P=0.021) and not significantly different from that of Her-2 group (P=0.474). Conclusions TNBC is the breast cancer with high aggressive pathologic futures and poor prognosis. EGFR and ERCC1 expression were positive in a portion of TNBC cases.     

国产髓内钉远端定位器接触点新设计

国产带锁髓内钉（PEN）在临床应用中,由于远端安装锁钉的固定器经常出现误差,导致远端的锁钉锁不进去。在长期的实际工作中,笔者总结并改进远端固定器,成功率很高。应用改进后的PEN治疗27例骨折患者,远端锁钉全部成功。     

膝后内侧入路治疗后交叉韧带撕脱性骨折

2000年1月~2005年12月,笔者应用膝后内侧入路治疗后交叉韧带撕脱性骨折19例,疗效满意。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组19例,男14例,女5例,年龄21~68岁。单纯交叉韧带撕脱性骨折13例,合并其他骨折6例,伴胫骨骨折3例,股骨骨折2例,膝内侧副韧带损伤1例。新鲜损伤15例,3周以上4例,但未     

TSP-1在前列腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨前列腺癌中肿瘤血管生成与凝血酶敏感蛋白-1(TSP-1)表达的相关性。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测22例前列腺癌中微血管密度(MVD)值和TSP-1的表达,采用RT-PCR检测7例前列腺癌组织中TSP-1mRNA的表达。结果:前列腺癌中TSP-1阳性表达率为72.7%(16/22),绝大多数表达位于肿瘤细胞的胞质中,少数表达位于肿瘤细胞外基质。在22例前列腺癌组织中,平均MVD为71.21±31.14/100倍视野,具有TSP-1强表达的肿瘤组织中MVD值较高。7例前列腺癌组织均表达TSP-1mRNA,TSP-1mRNA在前列腺癌的各期肿瘤组织呈高水平表达。TSP-1的免疫活性与微血管密度间呈显著地相关性(r=0.54,P=0.009)。结论:TSP-1在前列腺癌组织中呈高表达,与前列腺癌的血管生成相关,可能有促进前列腺癌血管生长的作用。     

经皮肾镜取石和经尿道输尿管镜碎石治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效比较

目的:比较微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)与经尿道输尿管镜碎石术(URL)治疗输尿管上段结石的方法。方法:200例单侧输尿管上段结石的患者,90例采用MPCNL进行治疗;110例采用URL治疗,其中46例接受辅助ESWL治疗。结果:MPCNL组术后3天结石清除率为97.7%(88/90),术后1个月结石清除率为100%(90/90)。URL术后3天结石清除率为25.4%(28/110),术后1个月结石清除率为81.8%(90/110),均显著低于MPCNL组(P<0.05)。结论:MPCNL治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石有很高的结石清除率,URL手术治疗效果稍差,可以联合ESWL提高疗效。     

胆囊结石伴胆囊癌的诊治分析

目的探讨胆囊癌与胆囊结石的关系及胆囊结石伴胆囊癌的诊断和治疗特点。方法对1993年1月至2004年12月间收治的27例胆囊癌合并胆囊结石患者进行回顾性临床分析。结果27例胆囊癌合并胆囊结石患者,男10例,女17例,男女之比为1:1.7。平均年龄68.5岁,其中60岁以上22例。临床症状最常见为腹痛(85.2%)。既往有明确胆结石病史患者15例,入院后发现胆结石的有12例。行B超检查的23例,诊断胆囊癌的有12例(52.2%)。CT结合增强扫描检查12例,诊断胆囊癌的有8例(66.7%)。行肿瘤根治切除者8例,根治率29.6%。随访13例,随访期为3个月~7年,获随访者的平均存活时间为12个月。结论胆囊结石是胆囊癌的发病因素之一,胆囊癌早期诊断困难,晚期治疗效果差,伴胆囊结石的胆囊癌关键是要引起重视,不能满足胆囊结石的诊断而遗漏胆囊癌。对胆囊结石患者要密切随访,高危患者要尽早手术。