磁共振弥散加权成像结合三维乳腺数字化断层摄影钙化分数在乳腺良恶性钙化病变鉴别中的诊断价值

  目的  评估磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）结合三维乳腺数字化断层摄影（DBT）钙化分数对于钙化征象在乳腺良恶性病变诊断的应用价值。  方法  回顾性分析我院118例行乳腺DWI检查和DBT检查的患者，DBT检查发现有钙化征象，其中乳腺癌患者51例，病理类型包括:浸润性导管癌、浸润性导管癌、导管原位癌、髓样癌、浸润性小叶癌、黏液腺癌；乳腺良性病变67例，病理类型包括:纤维腺瘤、腺病、导管内乳头状瘤。对所有患者DBT图像的钙化征象进行钙化评分并且测量相应病变区域的表观扩散系数（ADC）值，分析ADC值、钙化分数及二者联合在乳腺含钙化病变的诊断效能。  结果  乳腺癌组ADC值低于乳腺良性病变组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；钙化分数高于良性病变组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。ADC值对诊断乳腺良恶性病变的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.853，钙化分数对诊断乳腺良恶性病变的AUC值为0.855，采用Delong检验得出两种方法对诊断乳腺含钙化病变的良恶性诊断效能一致，差异无统计学意义（P=0.625）。两种方法（钙化分数+ADC值）的Logistic回归分析显示，两种方法相结合的AUC值为0.903，具有很高的诊断效能。将ROC曲线（钙化分数、ADC值、两种方法结合的预测概率）经两两Delong检验结果显示，两种方法结合的ROC与单一ROC的差异有统计学意义（P=0.041、0.022）。  结论  DWI与DBT钙化分数对于钙化征象在乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断效能无差别，两种方法相结合的诊断效能显著高于单一方法，为乳腺含钙化病灶的诊断与鉴别诊断中提供了更加可靠的依据。      

COVID-19 and hematology findings based on the current evidences: A puzzle with many missing pieces

In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus was detected for the first time in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. According to the reported data, the emerging coronavirus has spread worldwide, infecting more than fifty-seven million individuals, leading to more than one million deaths. The current study aimed to review and discuss the hematological findings of COVID-19. Laboratory changes and hematologic abnormalities have been reported repeatedly in COVID-19 patients. WBC count and peripheral blood lymphocytes are normal or slightly reduced while these indicators may change with the progression of the disease. In addition, several studies demonstrated that decreased hemoglobin levels in COVID-19 patients were associated with the severity of the disease. Moreover, thrombocytopenia, which is reported in 5%-40% of patients, is known to be associated with poor prognosis of the disease. COVID-19 can present with various hematologic manifestations. In this regard, accurate evaluation of laboratory indicators at the beginning and during COVID-19 can help physicians to adjust appropriate treatment and provide special and prompt care for those in need.     

慕课在医学生假期课前预习中的应用探讨

高校医学生会利用假期时间对将要学习的科目进行预习,力求提前了解或掌握,以利于日后对知识的充分理解。预习对于医学科目学习有一定必要性,然而传统的假期预习模式常存在缺乏引导、效率难以提升等问题。目前,慕课在医学教育领域的应用有所发展。对于医学生,其自主学习的模式、课程设计等契合医学课程的预习需求和假期学习的特点,有助于提升医学生的学习能力和假期预习效果。医学生将慕课作为假期预习资源可有多种学习模式选择。慕课平台的功能拓展和学校教师的辅助可以有效深入慕课在医学生假期预习中的应用,为医学生带来更合理的假期学习安排。