谷氨酰胺在危重病患者中的应用

目的探讨危重病患者中早期经静脉应用谷氨酰胺（glutamine，Gl）的临床价值。方法42例患者随机分成两组（对照组和Gln组），Gln组进行Gln治疗（100mL／d，共7d）。治疗前后检测患者体质量、白蛋白、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、握力的变化和肠功能不全的发生率。结果体质量两组治疗前后比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。白蛋白、握力和GSH Gl治疗后非常显著高于治疗前（P〈0．01）；白蛋白对照组治疗后较治疗前显著增高（P〈0．05），但握力和GSH治疗前后均无显著变化（P〉0.05）；肠功能不全的发生率Gln组为4．8％，显著低于对照组（28．6％，P〈0．05）。结论在危重病患者疾病早期通过静脉途径外源性地补充Gln，有效改善了患者的营养状况；使患者血浆中的GSH水平增高，加强了机体的抗氧化能力；减少了患者肠功能不全的发生率。     

Lipid peroxidation, occupational stress and aging in workers of a prehospital emergency service.

BACKGROUND: Stressful conditions lead to formation of excessive free radicals, and lipid peroxidation is one of the major outcomes of free radical-mediated injury that directly damages membranes and generates a number of secondary products. OBJECTIVES: To determine the levels of malondialdehyde, an end product of lipid peroxidation, according to demographic and occupational variables in workers of a prehospital emergency service and to analyse the relationship between malondialdehyde levels and burnout. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and eleven healthy workers of a prehospital emergency service and eighty aged-matched healthy individuals of both sexes as a control group were surveyed. Malondialdehyde levels were measured by the Bull and Marnett method. To measure burnout, the Maslach Burnout Inventory was used. RESULTS: Professional category is associated with lipid peroxidation and burnout levels (Malondialdehyde levels were: physicians 338.10+/-14.47, nurses 329.17+/-12.62 and technicians 296.74+/-14.28; burnout levels were: physicians 41.29+/-3.59, nurses 37.38+/-6.05 and technicians 35.33+/-5.87). Working at night and in the evening increased malondialdehyde and burnout levels. Malondialdehyde levels increase with age. No significant variations with respect to sex were detected. Significant variations in malondialdehyde levels were detected between singles (303.13+/-12.74) and married people (344.43+/-13.43) but not with respect to divorcees (326.44+/-11.74). Significant differences were detected in erythrocyte malondialdehyde levels between smokers (341.37+/-17.09) and nonsmokers (302.21+/-12.38), but not for alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a positive correlation between malondialdehyde, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation and occupational stress, as estimated by elements of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and oxidative stress.     

p53 expression and disease outcome of breast cancer patients undergoing primary chemotherapy with anthracycline-containing regimens

Primary chemotherapy administered to breast cancer patientsis the best model to identify baseline features able to predictwhich patients may be most likely to benefit or not from a cytotoxicregimen. In the March issue of Annals of Oncology two papersevaluated the predictive role of immunohistochemical p53 expressionon     

Cutaneous plasmacytosis associated with lung and anal carcinomas

Cutaneous plasmacytosis is a rare disorder characterized by a benign proliferation of mature plasma cells that appears as multiple dark-brown to purplish skin lesions, often associated with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia. We present the case of a 55-year-old Caucasian man who suffered from a cutaneous plasmacytosis associated with two different carcinomas. Cutaneous plasmacytosis seems to be a reactive process because most cases reported are not associated with any apparent underlying disease. Nevertheless, because few reported cases were associated with malignancies, screening of additional neoplasms would be justified.