补肾中药对雄激素致不孕大鼠卵巢核仁组成区蛋白的影响

观察补肾中药对雄激素致不孕大鼠卵巢核仁组成区蛋白的影响。用ＳＤ雌性大鼠幼仔，出生９ｄ龄注射丙酸睾丸酮，制成雄激素致不孕大鼠（ＡＳＲ）模型。８０ｄ龄灌服补肾中药水溶液两周。１００ｄ龄心脏灌注处死。以核仁组成区蛋白嗜银染色（ＡｇＮＯＲ）和增殖细胞核杭原（ＰｃＮＡ）为指标，观察卵巢颗粒细胞、间质腺细胞的形态学变化。结果：补肾中药能够使ＡＳＲ卵巢颗粒细胞增殖、卵泡发育。治疗组的ＡｇＮＯＲ和ＰｃＮＡ计数明显高于模型组，而与对照组之间无显著差异。结论：补肾中药的这种作用可能是通过调节了下丘脑－垂体－卵巢性腺功能的结果，从而促使卵巢颗粒细胞发育、卵泡成熟。     

Inter- and intra-individual variability of non-invasive tear break-up time in Hong Kong Chinese

Non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) has been proposed as a measure of tear film integrity which is superior to the more commonly used tear break-up time (TBUT), since it does not alter the volume or the physicochemical properties of the tear layer by the addition of fluorescein. We measured NITBUT by measuring the time taken for distortions or discontinuities to appear in the reflected image of a grid pattern which covered about 80 per cent of the corneal surface. NITBUT measures were made 100 times on seven Hong Kong Chinese subjects with up to 20 consecutive measures being made on a single day. We also measured NITBUT on one occasion on an unselected population of 52 Hong Kong Chinese subjects. NITBUT shows a skewed distribution in all subjects, with many shorter values and some extremely long values. There are statistically significant variations in NITBUT from day to day, and from subject to subject. The group of 52 subjects also had a skewed NITBUT distribution with many short values and some very long values. The arithmetic mean does not adequately represent NITBUT data, either for individual subjects or for this group of subjects. As many as five to eight measures may be necessary to gain a stable estimate of the NITBUT and stability of the measure is improved if extreme values are omitted. We recommend the use of nonparametric statistics to compare NITBUT values from day to day in or between subjects.     

氩激光治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变

应用氩绿激光光凝治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变36例41只眼。结果视力≥1.0者从术前的17.1％增加到术后的63.5％,而视力≤0.6者从术前的61％降低到术后14.6％,术后1周至1月,多数患眼视网膜下液全部吸收,部分患眼中心凹反光重显。结果还显示术后视力与病程长短有关,但术后视力与渗漏点的方位、渗漏点中心凹距离以及神经上皮脱离的大小无关。     

镉对肾脏的毒作用

雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠２４只，随机等分为４组，皮下注射不同剂量的ＣｄＭＴ。结果显示镉接触组尿钙和尿蛋白都高于对照组；肾皮质钠泵和钙泵活性低于对照组，体外试验也显示镉能抑制钙泵活性，ＧＳＨ和半胱氨酸对这种抑制有保护作用；肾皮质ＧＳＨ含量低于对照组，ＭＤＡ含量则高于对照组，但肝脏的这两个指标无变化；高剂量组ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ的比值低于对照组。提示脂质过氧化和钙代谢障碍是镉引起肾损害的机理之一。     

山莨菪碱防治甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭的实验研究

在１２９只ＳＤ大鼠的实验中动态观察了山莨菪碱对甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭时不同时期的Ｂｃｒ，ＢＵＮ，ｐＨ病理改变及死亡率的影响，结果表明：山莨菪碱能降低ＡＲＦ第５天大鼠死亡率以及Ｂｃｒ，ＢＵＮ水平。改善病理损害，对ＡＲＦ起到预防及治疗效果，山莨菪碱的预防效果优于治疗效果，预防是ＡＲＦ防治的关键，但山莨菪碱在治疗过程中要引起“冲刷综合征”导致洗脱性酸中毒，应引起注意。     

Effects of smoking and drinking on excretion of hippuric acid among toluene-exposed workers

Summary In order to investigate possible effects of smoking and drinking on the metabolism of toluence in occupational settings, 206 toluene-exposed men (mean age: 31.4 years) in shoemaking, painting, or surface-coating workshops together with 246 nonexposed control men (36.8 years) were studied for the time-weighted average intensities of exposure to toluene, hippuric acid concentration in shift-end urine samples, and the two social habits of smoking and drinking. The mean daily consumptions of cigarettes and ethanol were about 20 pieces and 10 g among smokers and drinkers, respectively. The geometric mean toluene concentration among the exposed subjects was about 20 ppm, with a maximum of 521 ppm. Regression analysis after classification of the subjects by smoking and drinking clearly demonstrated that the two social habits, when combined, markedly reduce the hippuric acid level in the urine of workers exposed to was a significant association between smoking and drinking habits, which hindered separate evaluation of the effects of the two habits on toluene metabolism. Comparison of the present results with the findings reported in the literature, however, suggested that the observed effects may be attributable to smoking rather than to drinking habits.     

P16、Cyclin D1蛋白表达与胰腺癌生物学行为

目的 探讨P16、CyclinD1蛋白表达水平与胰腺癌发生、发展及预后的关系。方法 应用免疫组织化学SP法结合微波抗原修复法对53例原发性胰腺癌和42例胰腺良性病变及正常组织中P16蛋白及CyclinD1蛋白进行检测。结果 胰腺癌组织、胰腺良性病变和正常组织中P16蛋白的阳性率分别为66．04％和87．71％（P＜0．05）；CyclinD1表达的阳性率分别为52．83％和23．81％（P＜0．05），P16及CyclinD1蛋白表达与胰腺癌的组织分化、病理分期及术后生存期密切相关。结论 P16及CyclinD1蛋白在胰腺癌中的表达可判断胰腺癌的预后。     

人外周血CD68^＋单核细胞体外的分选及诱导分化为破骨细胞

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for obtaining highly purified primary human osteoclast precursors for the biochemical and molecular biological research. METHODS: CD68(+) mono/macrophages were separated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors by means of immunomagnetic cell sorting for subsequent analysis with flow cytometry. The isolated cells were incubated on coverslips or bone slices in the presence of dexamethasone(10(-8) mol/L), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (25 microg/L ) and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (s-RANKL, 16 microg/L). Calcitonin receptor (CR) immunocytochemistry and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemistry were employed. The bone slices were also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: Fluorescence-activated cytometric analysis showed that 93.06%+/-0.61% n=4 of the selected cells were CD68(+) cells. After 7 days of culture of the CD68(+) cells, VR+, TRAP+ multinucleated giant cells appeared, and resorption lacunae could be observed by SEM. CONCLUSION: Highly purified CD68(+) cells can be obtained from human PBMCs as the osteoclast precursors, and mature osteoclasts can be induced from CD68(+) mono/macrophages by RANKL.     

化学中毒与急性缺氧的双因素联合效应的实验研究

目的 研究化学中毒与急性缺氧两因素的联合效应。方法 建立常压常氧、常压缺氧和低压缺氧3种模型，以梭曼(Soman)、氰化钠(NaCN)和4-DMAP(4-dimethylaminophenol)为代表，测定大鼠、小鼠、家猫、PC12细胞、兔血红细胞等在3种模型条件下对毒物药物的行为、生化和生理指标变化。结果梭曼单独作用可导致动物协调运动下降、脑等组织含水率增加、脑组织AChE活性降低、MR下调、NE和cAMP含量增加。急性缺氧单独作用也可引起动物协调运动及自主活动的降低、脑等组织含水率的增加、外周血和脑组织AChE活性升高、MR受体上调、NE和cAMP含量增加、4-DMAP药效升高。化学中毒与急性缺氧同时作用，上述变化更加复杂。结论 化学中毒与急性缺氧两种因素同时作用于机体，对机体产生广泛而复杂的损伤作用。此种作用为两因素的联合效应。缺氧引起的机体功能下降对联合效应的增加部分贡献较大。急性缺氧既可使重要的组织成分发生质或量的变化，也会影响某些抗毒剂的作用强度。     

动物喂养辐照食品的安全性评价

本试验是在多种食品的基础上,加大照射剂量(吸收剂量为0.1～8.0 kGy)和提高辐照食品在膳食中比例(千重80％以上)的条件下,进行了150d的大白鼠喂养试验。通过对饲料的营养成分分析及其利用,对动物的生长发育、血液学、致突变性及病理学等项指标的检测,结果证明是安全的。本试验结果为今后辐照食品商业化提供了安全的证据。