乙拉西坦的合成

目的合成乙拉西坦。方法2-吡咯烷酮经N-烷基化、氨解反应合成乙拉西坦。结果及结论总收率50·7%,乙拉西坦结构经1H-NMR,13C-NMR和IR确证。     

金莲花软胶囊中总黄酮的含量测定

目的建立紫外法测定金莲花软胶囊中总黄酮的含量测定方法。方法采用紫外分光光度计,检测波长500nm,以芦丁为标准品测定本品总黄酮含量。结果测得线性回归方程为y=0.11359x-0.0034,r=0.9999(n=5),平均回收率为99.67%,RSD为0.58%(n=9)。结论本方法简便,准确、重复性好。     

MR imaging of the breast in patients with positive margins after lumpectomy: influence of the time interval between lumpectomy and MR imaging

OBJECTIVE: Postsurgical contrast enhancement resulting from inflammatory changes at the site of surgery limits the accuracy of MR imaging of the breast in diagnosing residual breast cancer. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of the time interval between lumpectomy and MR imaging on the diagnosis of residual breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight patients who had undergone excisional biopsy with positive resection margins underwent MR imaging for evaluation of residual breast cancer and possible breast conservation. Patients were retrospectively stratified according to the time interval between lumpectomy and MR imaging. Dynamic and morphologic enhancement features were used for lesion characterization. Imaging findings were correlated with results of histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for patients waiting 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after initial surgery before undergoing MR imaging of the breast. RESULTS: The time interval between lumpectomy and MR imaging of the breast had the greatest influence on the specificity and negative predictive value of MR imaging, increasing progressively over time. A plateau of highest values of 75% specificity and 86% negative predictive value was reached at 28 and 35 days after surgery, respectively. Although the sensitivity and positive predictive value showed smaller variations over time, peak values of 95% sensitivity and 92% positive predictive value were obtained at 35 and 28 days after surgery, respectively. CONCLUSION: We recommend scheduling patients with positive resection margins no earlier than 28 days after initial surgery for evaluation of residual cancer using MR imaging of the breast.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30在甲硝唑片制备中的应用

目的研究辅料聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVPK30)对甲硝唑片质量的影响.方法依照中国药典2000年版二部测定甲硝唑片的溶出度.结果加入辅料PVPK30的甲硝唑片较原处方的溶出度明显加快,两者T50有显著差异(片1T50=11.5 min,片2T50=6.8 min).结论辅料PVPK30能提高甲硝唑片的质量.     

Disorder and dissolution enhancement: deposition of ibuprofen on to insoluble polymers.

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-CL) were examined as polymeric carriers to support amorphous ibuprofen (IB). Drug/carrier systems were prepared as physical mixes, and drug was loaded onto the polymers by hot mix and solvent deposition methods. The systems were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) and by dissolution testing. PVP-CL reduced drug crystallinity more than MCC and, surprisingly, even very simple mixing of ibuprofen with PVP-CL induced disordering of the drug. Increased ibuprofen dissolution rates were achieved with both polymers, in the order of solvent deposition>hot mixes>physical mixes. The increased dissolution rates could be attributed to a combination of faster dissolution from amorphous ibuprofen, microcrystalline drug deposition on carrier surfaces and polymer swelling. However, no clear relationship was observed between ibuprofen dissolution rates (using first order, Higuchi or Hixson-Crowell relationships) and drug crystallinity.     

呫吨化合物对大肠埃希菌和金葡菌的光敏抗菌活性研究

目的测定六种呫吨(xanthene)化合物的光敏抗菌活性以及它们的物理化学性质,评价两者之间的联系.方法通过测量最低致死浓度(MLC)和Daniel抑菌圈法测定六种呫吨化合物的光敏抗菌活性;采用对-亚硝基二甲基苯胺(RNO)脱色反应检测单线态氧产率.结果有光无光条件下,除Na2Fl外的其余五种化合物均表现出不同水平的抗菌性能.无光条件下,五种呫吨化合物对测试菌固有毒性基本相同;光照条件下,五种化合物则显示出较强的光敏毒性,化合物对大肠埃希菌的MLC值为250～125μmol/L,对金葡菌的MLC为31.3～lμmol/L;对同种菌的光敏毒性强度与化合物的单线态氧的产率基本一致.结论呫吨化合物对大肠埃希菌及金葡菌均表现出较强的光敏毒性,呫吨化合物的固有毒性主要取决于化合物分子的母核结构,取代基团对其影响较小.随着卤代原子的增加,单线态氧的产率增加,光敏活性加强;金葡菌对呫吨化合物较大肠埃希菌更为敏感.     

带锁滑动鹅头钉治疗粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的临床研究

为了总结分析运用自行研制的带锁滑动鹅头钉治疗粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的疗效,随机将69例Evan'sⅢ型、Ⅳ型的患者分为两组,一组采用自制带锁滑动鹅头钉治疗(观察组);一组采用DHS治疗(对照组).分别对两组患者的一般资料、手术资料及术后功能恢复情况进行评估比较.结果骨折平均愈合时间观察组为3.65±0.97个月,对照组为4.32±1.38个月,两组比较,术后9个月观察组患侧较健侧平均缩短0.82±0.36cm,对照组平均缩短1.08±0.51cm,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).观察组显效率91.1%,对照组显效率71.1%,两组比较,具有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).提示带锁滑动鹅头钉治疗粉碎性股骨转子间骨折具有防止骨不连及各种畸形愈合.     

循证医学对中医"证"研究的启示

借鉴循证医学的主要思想,重新审视、思考中医的"证"和辨证论治.中医以人为本的思想,对生存质量的重视以及"治未病",预防为主的观念,被循证医学再一次证明是医学发展的方向和目标.从整体上来说,中医学关于"证"和辨证论治的经验性证据的科学性、可靠性是肯定的,但应该加以提升.循证医学应是目前研究中医学最好的方法之一.对中医"证"的研究来说,这是一个新的契机.目前应从更适宜采用循证医学方法、更易突破、也更具实际意义的方向--中医辨证论治疗效的评价研究方面切入,以期新的积累和突破.     

新通注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛60例临床研究

目的:观察新通注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效.方法:治疗组应用新通注射液静脉滴注,对照组口服单硝酸异山梨酯,观察临床症状、心电图、动态心电图、血液流变学、血脂等变化.结果:治疗组总有效率为95%,对照组总有效率为65%,两组疗效经统计学处理,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);治疗后治疗组心电图总有效率为76.67%,对照组心电图总有效率为48.33%,两组结果经统计学处理,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);两组缺血性ST-T改变的时间经统计学处理,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);血液流变学的变化情况治疗组治疗前后差异均有显著性(P＜0.01),而对照组差异无显著性(P＞0.05);血脂的变化情况治疗组治疗前后差异均有显著性(P＜0.01),而对照组差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:新通注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛疗效确切,临床值得推广应用.     

通脉益智胶囊对血管性痴呆患者微量元素的影响

目的:观察通脉益智胶囊对血管性痴呆患者微量元素的影响.方法:设立通脉益智胶囊(50例)和喜德镇(30例)两个治疗组,于治疗前后检测两组患者铜、硒、锌和铁等微量元素的含量.结果:通脉益智胶囊组治疗后铜和硒含量升高、锌和铁含量降低,与喜德镇组比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:通脉益智胶囊具有可调整机体微量元素平衡,从而获得增强患者学习记忆能力、改善智能障碍的效果.