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11.
P Brennan D Johnson S Rider N Cone M Goldman A Buckpitt H Chung 《Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition》1991,12(7):547-556
The dermal absorption of niclosamide, a drug shown to prevent Schistosomiasis by blocking the dermal penetration of cercariae, has been examined in Sinclair minipigs and rats. Radioactivity in the urine and feces collected daily for 7 days after application of 14C-niclosamide accounted for less than 2 per cent and 10 per cent of the labelled compound applied to pig and rat skin, respectively. Approximately 20 per cent of the radioactivity from the dose solution was recovered on the skin excised from the area of application in both minipigs and rats. No radioactivity was detected in organs removed from the pig 7 days after application of radiolabelled drug while less than 6 per cent of the dose could be accounted for in the rat organs/carcass. Radioactivity in swine blood, removed 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and at 24 h intervals after dosing, was at or below three times background in all of the samples. Total recovery of the applied radioactivity was 78 per cent in pigs and 57 per cent in rats. These studies indicate that niclosamide is very poorly absorbed after dermal application. The results are consistent with earlier comparative studies showing that dermal penetration of xenobiotics in rats is generally higher than in swine. 相似文献
12.
With the increased use of indwelling central venous catheters, increasing numbers of cases of Rhodotorula fungemia have been observed in patients with neoplasia and neutropenia. In most patients with catheter-related Rhodotorula fungemia, the condition has been treated with broadspectrum antibiotics. We report two cases of central venous catheter-related
Rhodotorula rubra fungemia that occurred in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Both patients were in a state of neutropenia. One patient
was treated with amphotericin B and his central venous catheter was removed, but he died of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. The other patient was treated with amphotericin B and discharged, with a central venous catheter, after recovery
from neutropenia. Although the management of catheter-related Rhodotorula fungemia infections remains controversial, resolution of the underlying disease is more important than catheter removal for
recovery from Rhodotorula rubra fungemia.
Received: August 22, 2001 / Accepted: October 8, 2001 相似文献
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15.
Sung Hee Chung Olof Heimbürger Bengt Lindholm Hi Bahl Lee 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2005,20(6):1207-1213
BACKGROUND: Dialysis patient mortality remains high, and this high mortality may be due to many factors. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, old age, co-morbid diseases, malnutrition, low residual renal function (RRF) and a high peritoneal transport rate have been shown to influence survival, but the relative importance of these factors may differ between different patient populations. Besides, centre practice patterns may differ between centres and may influence patient survival. In addition, the literature suggests that dialysis patient survival may be better in Asian than in Caucasian patients. METHODS: The influence of centre and patient characteristics on patient survival was investigated in 132 Korean and 106 Swedish incident PD patients, who underwent initial biochemical measurements and assessment of adequacy of dialysis, nutritional status, RRF and peritoneal transport characteristics. RESULTS: At the start of PD, Korean patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes, peritoneal Kt/V(urea), peritoneal creatinine clearance and peritoneal fluid removal, and lower body mass index, RRF and dialysate to plasma creatinine concentration ratio (D/P Cr) compared with Swedish patients. Significantly more patients from Korea were placed on temporary haemodialysis before PD (100 out of 132) when compared with Swedish patients (21 out of 106). During the follow-up, there was a significantly higher rate of transfer to other units in Korea and a significantly higher rate of kidney transplantation in Sweden. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, overall patient survival did not differ and relative risk for death was also not different between the two centres even after adjustment for age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, RRF and D/P Cr. On Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis, age, diabetes, RRF and D/P Cr were found to be independent predictors of mortality in the combined cohort of patients. While age, diabetes and D/P Cr were independent predictors of mortality in Korean patients, age and RRF independently predicted mortality in Swedish patients. CONCLUSION: Although there were significant differences in centre and patient characteristics, we were unable to confirm a survival advantage for Korean over Swedish PD patients. The results of this study suggest that the reported difference in survival between Asian and Caucasian dialysis patients may have been due, in part, to differences in centre and patient characteristics rather than to race as such. The genetic influence on patient characteristics remains, however, to be elucidated. 相似文献
16.
Teng-Yi Huang Hsiao-Wen Chung Fu-Nien Wang Cheng-Wen Ko Cheng-Yu Chen 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》2004,51(2):243-247
In this work the feasibility of separating fat and water signals using the balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) technique is demonstrated. The technique is based on the observation (Scheffler and Hennig, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2003;49:395-397) that at the nominal values of TE = TR/2 in SSFP imaging, phase coherence can be achieved at essentially only two orientations (0 degrees and 180 degrees ) relative to the RF pulses in the rotating frame, under the assumption of TR < T2, and independently of the SSFP angle. This property allows in-phase and out-of-phase SSFP images to be obtained by proper choices of the center frequency offset, and thus allows the Dixon subtraction method to be utilized for effective fat-water separation. The TR and frequency offset for optimal fat-water separation are derived from theories. Experimental results from healthy subjects, using a 3.0 Tesla system, show that nearly complete fat suppression can be accomplished. 相似文献
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Carcinoma arising from an epiphrenic diverticulum: a frequently misdiagnosed disease. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Epiphrenic diverticulum is rare, comprising of about 10% of all esophageal diverticula. Carcinoma arising within such a diverticulum is even less common. We report on two patients with squamous cell carcinoma arising from an epiphrenic diverticulum. Some features of malignant change related to the epiphrenic diverticula were misdiagnosed or missed in our cases and other reports due to lack of clinical experience. It is important to exclude the possibility of malignancy as this is vital for surgical planning. Although the prognosis for patients with malignancy arising from an epiphrenic diverticulum is generally poor, a high index of suspicion may increase the chance of cure. 相似文献
19.
咬肌与颅面形态的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的探讨咬肌与颅面形态之间的关系,了解咬肌体积与邻近骨骼结构的大小及形态的相关性。方法对40例要求改变脸型者进行磁共振成像(MRI)测量,人体测量,头部正位、侧位和下颌骨曲面断层X线检查,测量并计算咬肌体积(MsV),测量头长(HL)、头宽(HB)、面长(FL)、面宽(FB)、下颌角间宽(IB)、下颌骨体长(CL)、下颌角切线长(MAL)、下颌角角度(JA),计算颜面形态指数FI(FL/FB)、头颅指数C(IHB/HL)。用SPSS11.5软件统计分析MsV与HI。HB、FL、FB、IB、CL、MAL、JA、FI、CI之间的相关性。结果MsV与JA呈明显负相关,与CL、MAL、IB、FB、HL呈明显正相关,与CL、FI、HB无明显相关性。结论咬肌肥大可能是方脸面型的成因之一,是影响面型的重要因素。 相似文献
20.
Ung-il Chung Hiroshi Kawaguchi Tsuyoshi Takato Kozo Nakamura 《Journal of orthopaedic science》2004,9(4):410-414
Mammalian bones have three distinct origins (paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm, and neural crest) and undergo two different modes of formation (intra-membranous and endochondral). Bones derived from the paraxial mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm mainly form through the endochondral process. During this process, hypertrophic chondrocytes play a vital role in inducing both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. One of the essential osteogenic factors secreted from hypertrophic chondrocytes is Indian hedgehog (Ihh). In contrast, bones derived from the neural crest mainly form through the intramembranous pro-cess and do not require Ihh. Thus, depending on their origin, bones have distinct signaling properties, which need to be considered in the research and application of bone biology.Presented at the 18th Annual Research Meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, Kitakyushu, Japan, October 17, 2003 相似文献