Tokyo Guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholangitis (with videos)

Although the diagnostic and severity grading criteria on the 2013 Tokyo Guidelines (TG13) are used worldwide as the primary standard for management of acute cholangitis (AC), they need to be validated through implementation and assessment in actual clinical practice. Here, we conduct a systematic review of the literature to validate the TG13 diagnostic and severity grading criteria for AC and propose TG18 criteria. While there is little evidence evaluating the TG13 criteria, they were validated through a large‐scale case series study in Japan and Taiwan. Analyzing big data from this study confirmed that the diagnostic rate of AC based on the TG13 diagnostic criteria was higher than that based on the TG07 criteria, and that 30‐day mortality in patients with a higher severity based on the TG13 severity grading criteria was significantly higher. Furthermore, a comparison of patients treated with early or urgent biliary drainage versus patients not treated this way showed no difference in 30‐day mortality among patients with Grade I or Grade III AC, but significantly lower 30‐day mortality in patients with Grade II AC who were treated with early or urgent biliary drainage. This suggests that the TG13 severity grading criteria can be used to identify Grade II patients whose prognoses may be improved through biliary drainage. The TG13 severity grading criteria may therefore be useful as an indicator for biliary drainage as well as a predictive factor when assessing the patient's prognosis. The TG13 diagnostic and severity grading criteria for AC can provide results quickly, are minimally invasive for the patients, and are inexpensive. We recommend that the TG13 criteria be adopted in the TG18 guidelines and used as standard practice in the clinical setting. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47 . Related clinical questions and references are also included.     

监测封闭社区结核病患者接触者结核感染状况二年的结果分析

目的 监测封闭社区(强制隔离戒毒所)中结核病患者接触者(简称“接触者”)的结核感染状况,并初步分析可能对该社区接触者受结核感染的影响因素。方法 采用结核菌素试验(PPD试验),对封闭社区中2016年10—11月确诊的5例结核病患者的所有接触者(共计792名)每6个月进行1次PPD试验,连续观察2年,其中有25名因各种原因未进行PPD试验,接受PPD试验者767名。依据《WS 288—2017 肺结核诊断》,有卡介苗接种卡痕者硬结平均直径≥10mm、无卡痕者硬结平均直径≥5mm判断为接触者结核感染。分析不同接触程度的767名接触者受MTB感染状况的变化情况。并用logistic回归模型进行社区接触者结核感染的危险因素分析。结果 在调查的封闭社区中,接触者第一次PPD试验结果被判断为结核感染者444例,感染率为57.9%(444/767)。在后续2年的结核感染监测中,323名未感染者中有54例(占16.7%,54/323)接触者变为结核感染;2年中社区接触者受结核感染者共498例,感染率64.9%(498/767)。有54名社区接触者在2年中PPD试验硬结直径减小或消失,由受结核感染变为未感染状态,占10.8%(54/498)。年龄(Wald χ ²=10.942,P=0.001,OR=1.04, 95%CI为1.02~1.06)、接种卡介苗(Wald χ ²=4.533,P=0.033,OR=1.41, 95%CI 为1.03~1.93)、与患者密切接触(Wald χ ²=6.343,P=0.012,OR=1.68, 95%CI 为1.12~2.52),是导致社区接触者结核感染风险增加的相关因素。讨论 封闭社区(强制隔离戒毒所)中结核病患者接触者MTB感染率较高,首次PPD试验筛查未感染者中有近1/6的接触者在2年间转为结核感染;有1/10结核感染者在2年间转为未感染状态。年龄增长、接种卡介苗、与结核病患者密切接触者受结核感染的比例增高。     

针式腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的临床应用

目的 与开腹胆囊切除术相比,腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）有减少术后不适和较少的创作,但仍有改进的余地。方法：为进一步减轻手术创伤,我们引进了针式腹间胆囊切除术,共２９例。结果 平均手术时间为７５分钟,１９例当天出院,１０例隔天出院,其中１例是胆总管探查。结论 针式航空 镜胆囊切除术是一种可靠的技术。     

羟基喜树碱对HSC-T6细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的 探讨羟基喜树碱(HCPT)对体外培养大鼠肝星状细胞(HSC)的增殖与凋亡的影响.方法 大鼠肝星状细胞(HSC-T6)和大鼠正常肝细胞(BRL-3A)分别在实验组(分别以含HCPT浓度为0.008、0.016、0.031、0.063、0.125,0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8、16、32mg/L的培养液培养)和对照组(单纯培养)体外培养24 h.用四甲基偶氮唑盐法检测细胞增殖情况,找出HCPT对HSC-T6细胞增殖抑制的最佳作用浓度;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;透射电子显微镜下观察细胞凋亡的形态学变化情况;琼脂糖凝胶电泳法检测DNA片段化.多个样本均数的比较采用单因素方差分析,两样本均数的比较采用t检验.结果 HCPT对HSC-T6细胞和BRL-3A细胞的增殖抑制率随着药物浓度的升高而逐渐升高;当HCPT浓度＞0.5mg/L时,对BRL-3A细胞的毒性作用显著增高(P值均<0.05);0.5 mg/L对HSC-T6细胞增殖抑制作用最大,为HCPT对HSC-T6细胞增殖的最佳抑制浓度.0.125、0.25、0.5 mg/L的HCPT作用HSC-T6细胞24h,流式细胞仪检测显示细胞凋亡率分别为13.46%±2.42%、26.25%±5.65%、47.05%±8.76%,与对照组(4.89%±1.80%)相比,差异有统计学意义(F=34.24,P<0.01).0.5mg/L的HCPT作用HSC-T6细胞24 h,透射电子显微镜下可见细胞体积缩小,核仁消失,染色质浓缩聚集成团块状,沿核膜排列等凋亡形态学改变;琼脂糖凝胶电泳可见明显的DNA梯度带形成.结论 HCPT在体外可以明显地抑制HSC-T6细胞的增殖、诱导HSC-T6细胞凋亡,作用强度呈剂量依赖性.     

Curcumin-Rich Curry Consumption and Neurocognitive Function from 4.5-Year Follow-Up of Community-Dwelling Older Adults (Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study)

The potential neurocognition protective effects of dietary curcumin in curry consumed with food was investigated in this study of 2734 community-dwelling adults (aged ≥ 55, mean ± SD: 65.9 ± 7.4). We analyzed longitudinal data of baseline curry consumption (“never or rarely”, “occasionally”: <once a month, “often”: >once a month and <once a week, “very often”: >once a week or daily) and baseline and 4.5-year follow-up cognitive function in mixed model analyses controlling for confounding risk factors. Significant between-exposure differences were found for Digit Span-Backward (DS-B), Verbal Fluency-Animals (VF-A) and Block Design (BD). Compared to “never or rarely” consumption, “very often” and “often” consumptions were associated with higher DS-B performance; “very often”—with higher VF-A, and “occasional”, “often” and “very often” consumptions—with higher BD: Cohen’s d: from 0.130 to 0.186. Among participants with cardiometabolic and cardiac diseases (CMVD), curry consumption was associated with significantly higher DS-B and VF-A. Among CMVD-free participants, curry consumption was associated with significantly higher DS-B, VF-A and BD: Cohen’s d: from 0.098 to 0.305. The consumption of dietary curcumin was associated with the maintenance over time of higher functioning on attention, short-term working memory, visual spatial constructional ability, language and executive function among community-dwelling older Asian adults.     

广西华支睾吸虫病流行病学调查研究

目的　调查广西华支睾吸虫病的分布范围和流行特点。　方法　根据广西的不同地理位置及行政区划 ,随机选取调查点。用水洗沉淀法或醛醚集卵法粪检华支睾吸虫卵 ,并计算克粪便虫卵数 ;用玻片压碎法、压片法和人工消化法检查中间宿主淡水螺、鱼类的自然感染情况 ;用解剖动物找成虫或粪检查虫卵的方法了解保虫宿主感染情况。　结果　共调查 4 4个县 (市 ) 135个点 112 4 4 4人 ,人群平均感染率为 2 0 .15 % ,感染率随年龄增长而升高 ,男性高于女性 (P<0 .0 1)。第一中间宿主有赤豆螺、纹沼螺、长角函螺和硬豆螺 ;第二中间宿主有麦穗鱼、台细鳊等淡水鱼类 4科 32种。保虫宿主有猫、犬。人群感染方式以吃“鱼生”为主。　结论　广西华支睾吸虫病流行广泛 ,其中南部地区流行程度较重 ,呈“片状”分布 ;北部地区较轻 ,呈“点状”分布。     

柚皮苷对糖尿病心肌病大鼠心肌超微结构和缺氧诱导因子1α的影响

目的:观察柚皮苷对糖尿病心肌病大鼠心肌超微结构及缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)表达的影响,探讨柚皮苷防治糖尿病心肌病的作用机制。方法:将50只雄性Wister大鼠随机分为空白对照组(NC)、模型对照组(DC)和柚皮苷组(NA)。DC组和NA组采用高糖高脂饲料喂养,并且在喂养6周后予链脲佐菌素腹腔注射行糖尿病心肌病造模。NA组给予柚皮苷灌胃,NC组DC组予生理盐水灌胃。各组每2周断尾采血,检测血糖、血脂、肌钙蛋白、B型利钠肽等指标。12周后将各组动物经心脏取血后处死,取心脏测定心重指数。制作标本用电镜观察心肌细胞超微结构,采用免疫组织化学方法检测心肌组织HIF-1α表达情况。结果:柚皮苷有较弱的降糖作用,能有效降低糖尿病心肌病大鼠总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及心重指数,并明显减轻心肌病变,增加心肌HIF-1α表达。结论:柚皮苷可改善糖尿病心肌病糖、脂代谢,减轻心肌超微结构病变,对心肌具有保护作用,可能与其增加心肌HIF-1α表达有关。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT表现,提高对该病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者的CT资料,所有患者均行CT平扫及增强扫描。结果 9例患者为青年女性,1例为中年男性。CT平扫肿瘤呈混杂密度结节或团块影,增强后肿瘤实性部分可见延迟强化,囊性部分无明显强化。8例无胰管和胆管扩张。结论胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT表现有一定特异性,结合临床,可与其它胰腺肿瘤相鉴别。