中药合剂神经生长液的促神经生长作用

目的观察中药合剂神经生长液对神经元生长的促进作用,为神经生长液用于治疗神经损伤、促进损伤神经修复提供实验依据。方法新生大鼠背根神经节无血清培养,在基础培养液中加入神经生长液,观察实验组与空白对照组背根神经节细胞生长状况和突起生长的长度。胎鼠大脑皮质神经元无血清培养,在基础培养液中加入神经生长液,采用3-(4,5-dimethylthiaz-2-y1)-2,5-dijohenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT)法,观察实验组、神经生长因子(阳性对照)、空白对照组大脑皮质神经元的生长状态。结果与对照组相比,实验组背根神经节细胞突起生长明显,突起长度(314±43)μm显著大于对照组(76±26)μm(F=313.69,P<0.01);与对照组相比,神经生长因子、神经生长液均可显著提高无血清培养条件下大脑皮质神经元对MTT的代谢率(F=82.54,P均<0.01),且存在明显的剂量效应关系。结论神经生长液在体外可促进背根神经节和大脑皮质神经元生长。     

Citation classics: most-cited articles from Archives of PM&R

The purpose of this brief study was to identify the most-cited articles in the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation based on citation counts using the 1955 through 1986 Science Citation Index (SCI) of the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI). Bibliographic coupling is one measure of a landmark or classic article. The study resulted in identifying 14 citation classics for this journal.     

一氧化氮合酶抑制剂基因在离心机训练大鼠各组织中的表达差异

目的:观察神经元一氧化氮合酶抑制剂(PIN)基因在离心机训练大鼠各组织中的表达情况,探讨PIN基因表达在大鼠抗正向加速度(+Gz)负荷能力中的作用。方法:SD大鼠分别进行离心机训练和正向加速度(+Gz)耐力测试,将PIN基因片段用Dig-11-dUTP标记制成探针,用狭线杂交法分析大鼠各组织RNA中PIN基因的表达量。结果:PIN基因在离心机训练6,12d后心(F=5.444,P<0.05)、脑、肾(F=19.759,P<0.01)组织中的表达水平逐渐升高,而在肠、肺组织中的表达量呈下调趋势;与正常对照组相比,PIN基因在未训练测试组心(t=2.520,P<0.05)、脑(t=4.115,P<0.01)、肾(t=4.442,P<0.01)组织中的表达水平升高,而在肠、肺组织中呈下调趋势;训练12d后测试组与训练12d组相比,PIN基因在心、脑、肺和肠各组织中的表达无明显区别,在肾组织中的表达量明显降低。PIN基因在高、低耐力大鼠各组织中的表达水平无明显差别。结论:PIN基因表达升高可能是组织对抗+Gz负荷的生理代偿调节之一,以加强机体在细胞和分子水平对高+Gz应激环境的适应能力。     

Meniscal Tear and ACL Injury Detection Model Based on AlexNet and Iterative ReliefF

Magnetic resonance (MR) is one of the special imaging techniques used to diagnose orthopedics and traumatology. In this study, a new method has been proposed to detect highly accurate automatic meniscal tear and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. In this study, images in three different slices were collected. These are the sagittal, coronal, and axial slices, respectively. Images taken from each slice were categorized in 3 different ways: sagittal database (sDB), coronal database (cDB), and axial database (aDB). The proposed model in the study uses deep feature extraction. In this context, deep features have been obtained by using fully-connected layers of AlexNet architecture. In the second stage of the study, the most significant features were selected using the iterative RelifF (IRF) algorithm. In the last step of the application, the features are classified by using the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) method. Three datasets were used in the study. These datasets, sDB, and cDB, have four classes and consist of 442 and 457 images, respectively. The aDB used in the study has two class labels and consists of 190 images. The model proposed within the scope of the study was applied in 3 datasets. In this context, 98.42%, 100%, and 100% accuracy values were obtained for sDB, cDB, and aDB datasets, respectively. The study results showed that the proposed method detected meniscal tear and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries with high accuracy.

     

血清新喋呤、生物喋呤检测及其在尿毒症患者中的应用

目的探讨尿毒症患者血清中新喋呤(NP)和生物喋呤(BP)的浓度变化及其临床意义。方法采用反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测(RP-HPLC-FD)的方法,分别测定正常对照组、尿毒症组透析前后血清中的NP、BP浓度,并进行比较。结果尿毒症组血清中的NP、BP浓度和NP/BP比值均显著高于正常组(P<0.01),透析后血清中的NP、BP浓度显著低于透析前血清中NP、BP浓度(P<0.01,P<0.05),而NP/BP比值差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论在尿毒症患者中,血清中的NP、BP浓度可作为炎性介质激活的灵敏指标,同时可作为判断肾功能好坏的标志物。     

Comparison between visual clinical examination and the replica method for assessments of sealant retention over a 2-year period

To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods, sealant retention data were obtained by visual clinical examination and from replicas of the same sealed tooth at baseline and at 0.5-, 1- and 2-year evaluation points in 407 children and were compared for agreement using kappa coefficients. Survival curves of retained sealants on occlusal surfaces were created using modified categorisation （fully retained sealants and those having all pits and fissures partly covered with the sealant material versus completely lost sealants that included pit and fissure systems that had /〉 1 pit re-exposed） according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The kappa coefficient for the agreement between both assessment methods over the three evaluation time points combined was 0.38 （95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.35-0.41）. More sealant retention was observed from replicas than through visual clinical examination. Cumulative survival curves at the three evaluation times were not statistically significantly higher when assessed from replicas （P=0.47）. Using the replica method, more retained sealant material was observed than through visual clinical examination during the 2-year period. This finding did not result in a difference in the survival rates of sealants assessed by the two assessment methods. When replicas cast in die stone are used for assessing sealant retention, the level of reliability of the data is higher than that of data obtained through the commonly used visual clinical examination, particularly if such assessments are conducted over time.     

Primary care networks and team effectiveness: the case of a large-scale quality improvement disparity reduction program

ABSTRACT

Documentation of primary care teams’ involvement in disparity reduction efforts exists, yet little is known about how teams interact or perceive their effectiveness. We investigated how the social network and structural ties among primary-care-clinic team members relate to their perceived team effectiveness (TE), in a large-scale disparity reduction intervention in Israel’s largest insurer and provider of services. A mixed-method design of Social Network Analysis and qualitative data collection was employed. 108 interviews with medical, nursing, and administrative teams of 26 clinics and their respective managerial units were performed and information on the organizational ties, analyzing density and centrality, collected. Pearson correlations examined association between network measures and perceived TE. Clinics with strong intra-clinic density and high clinic–subregional-management density were positively correlated with perceived TE. Clinic in-degree centrality was also positively associated with perceived TE. Qualitative analyses support these findings with teamwork emerging as a factor which can impede or facilitate teams’ ability to design and implement disparity reduction interventions. The study demonstrates that in an organization-wide disparity reduction initiative, cohesive intra-network structure and close relations with mid-level management increase the likelihood that teams perceive themselves as possessing the skills and resources needed to lead and implement disparity reduction efforts.

List of abbreviations Team Effectiveness (TE); Clalit Health Services (Clalit); Social Network Analysis (SNA); Quality Improvement (QI); National Health Care Collaborative (NHPC); Tampa Bay Community Cancer Network (TBCCN)     

Shear wave elastography properties of vastus lateralis and vastus medialis obliquus muscles in normal subjects and female patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome

Objective

The aim of our study was to define and compare the mechanical properties of the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis obliquus muscles (VMO) by the way of quantitative shear-wave elastography in male and female healthy control (HC) subjects, and in female patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).

Materials and methods

Twenty-two healthy volunteers (11 male and 11 female) and 11 female patients with anterior knee pain were included in the study. The SWE examinations for VL and VMO were performed while the subjects were performing open kinetic chain exercises in neutral and 30° hip abduction. The contraction capacity (CC) and contraction ratio (CR) values were determined in resting and contraction phases in both hip positions.

Results

The mean elasticity values in the CC for VL and VMO muscles were significantly higher in male HC subjects when compared to female HC subjects (p?<?0.05). The CR of the VL muscle in female patients with PFPS was not significantly different than the female HC group. The CR for the VMO muscle was significantly lower in female patients with PFPS when compared to female HC subjects (p?<?0.05).

Conclusions

We found a significant VMO weakness, and this method may provide quantitative data that might influence the diagnosis of muscle weakness, in female patients with PFPS.     

Trends in breast cancer mortality and diet in England and Wales from 1911 to 1980

A paper in a previous volume of this journal (Ingram, DM, Nutr Cancer 3, 75–80, 1981) reported that at the beginning of World War II there was a marked decrease in breast cancer mortality in England and Wales that coincided with a marked reduction in the consumption of sugar, meat, and fat, and a marked increase in the consumption of cereals and vegetables. Reexamination of the mortality data described in that paper shows that the apparent sudden decrease in breast cancer mortality at the beginning of World War II is an artefact caused by a changein the method of selecting the cause of death from jointly stated causes, which was intro‐duced in 1940. After adjusting for this change, trends in age‐specific mortality rates are described. Breast cancer mortality rates were greater in 1980 than in 1911 in the age group of 35–84 years, but this overall increase was interrupted by a period of decreasing mortality between the 1930s and the 1950s in the age group of 50–69 years. It is possible that some of this decrease was due to dietary changes; however, the evidence is poor and other factors that affect incidence and survival must be considered.