PD-L2剪切异构体与EGFP融合蛋白的表达及其亚细胞定位研究

目的　探讨PD L2的剪切异构体在哺乳动物细胞的表达和亚细胞定位。方法　以RT PCR方法克隆人PD L2基因的常规剪切体和新型剪切异构体的cDNA ,构建其与EGFP融合的表达载体 ,分别转染K5 6 2细胞进行表达 ,经抗PD L2抗体染色后以流式细胞仪和激光共聚焦显微镜分析融合蛋白的表达及其亚细胞定位。结果　从活化的人白细胞中克隆到常规剪切体PD L2Ⅰ和新型剪切异构体PD L2Ⅱ的cDNA ,后者删除了编码胞外区Ig C结构域的外显子 3。进而构建了PD L2Ⅰ EGFP和PD L2Ⅱ EGFP融合蛋白表达载体 ,分别转染K5 6 2细胞。流式细胞仪分析显示 ,转染前者的细胞中既可检测到EGFP的表达又可在细胞膜上检测到PD L2表达 ;而转染后者的细胞中只能检测到EGFP的表达 ,在其细胞膜上不能检测到PD L2表达。共聚焦显微镜观察显示 ,PD L2Ⅰ EGFP主要分布于细胞膜表面 ,PD L2Ⅱ EGFP则主要分布于细胞内。结论　常规剪切体PD L2Ⅰ能正确定位于细胞膜表面 ,而新型剪切异构体PD L2Ⅱ则位于细胞内 ,不能运输至细胞膜 ,提示不同PD L2剪切异构体可能与其功能的调变有关     

Prophylactic treatment of very premature infants with human surfactant

We undertook a randomized, controlled trial to determine whether human surfactant administered endotracheally at birth to very premature infants (gestational age, 24 to 29 weeks) would prevent the respiratory distress syndrome or reduce its severity. Thirty-one treated infants (birth weight, 938 +/- 286 g) were compared in a blinded fashion with 29 control infants (birth weight, 964 +/- 174 g). The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio was less than 2 in all infants, and phosphatidylglycerol was not present in amniotic fluid or tracheal fluids at birth, indicating a deficiency of surfactant in the lungs. The principal dependent variables were neonatal death, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and the infant's requirement for respiratory support (and its complications). The surfactant-treated group had significantly fewer deaths than the control group (16 percent vs. 52 percent, P less than 0.001), fewer cases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (16 percent vs. 31 percent), and significantly fewer cases of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (P less than 0.001) and pneumothorax (P less than 0.02). Prophylactic treatment with human surfactant also substantially reduced the period of neonatal intensive care. We conclude that treatment with human surfactant offers promise for improving the survival of very premature infants with a surfactant deficiency and for reducing the pulmonary sequelae of the respiratory distress syndrome.     

癌组织中p16基因甲基化分析

目的探讨抑癌基因p16在胃癌组织中是否存在甲基化异常及其与胃癌发生发展的关系.方法对20例胃癌组织及相应正常胃粘膜组织应用甲基敏感酶(HpaII)和甲基非敏感酶(MspI)酶切,结合PCR扩增技术,对p16基因外显子1、外显子2的二核苷酸胞嘧啶特定序列5'-CCGG-3'位点甲基化进行检测.结果20例胃癌组织中,p16基因外显子1、2异常甲基化分别为5例(25%)和9例(45%),正常组织未发现甲基化异常;14例高甲基化标本中,中分化胃癌4例,低分化7例,高分化1例;有2例存在外显子1、2同时甲基化异常,二者均为低分化胃癌,进展期胃癌(Ⅲa、Ⅳ期各1例)中1例呈现泳动易位;外显子2甲基化异常多发生于晚期肿瘤患者(P<0.05).结论p16基因甲基化异常可能会造成基因功能丧失,从而失去对细胞增殖的负性调控作用,导致胃癌发生与进展;外显子2高甲基化与临床进展有关,可能为晚期事件.     

不同抗炎药物对缺氧所致大鼠离体肺血管环张力变化的影响

为研究离体大鼠肺血管在缺氧时张力的变化,以及甾体、非甾体类抗炎药物对此变化影响的异同性,采用等长收缩技术,测定加入消炎痛或地塞米松前后张力改变的特点及两药作用的差异。结果发现Wistar大鼠与Sprague-Dawley大鼠肺血管环对缺氧的反应不同,后者仅出现收缩反应,而Wistar大鼠在收缩前出现一内皮依赖的舒张;COX非特异性抑制剂消炎痛对缺氧所致的舒张和收缩均有增强作用;COX-2特异性抑制剂地塞米松则在明显抑制舒张的同时轻度增强收缩反应。结果表明不同种属大鼠的肺血管缺氧反应可能存在差异;缩管性PGs和扩管性PGs分别调节急性肺血管缺氧的舒张和收缩反应,这一过程呈一定的内皮依赖性;非选择性和选择性的COX抑制剂对肺血管缺氧反应的作用不尽相同。     

Parallel Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Cerebrospinal Fluid with 16S rRNA Probe Microarray

The most commonly used method for detection ofpathogenic bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) speci mens of clinical laboratories is isolation and identificationof the causative agents by cultural method, biochemicaland serological t…     

An analytical method for quantitative estimation of the cytotoxicity of dental alloys

INTRODUCTION　　The two mostimportantcriteria fordental materialsare their bio-functionalandbio-compatible endurance within the anticipated life-span of the dental restoration inthe mouth.The bio-compatibility of amaterial relates mainly to theallergenici…     

前列腺素在慢性低氧降低肺血管反应性中的作用

探讨了慢性低压低氧对大鼠肺血管反应性的影响 ,以及前列腺素在其中的作用。结果表明 :1离体肺动脉在急性低氧时先收缩后舒张。大鼠经慢性低氧 15 d、 30 d后离体肺动脉对急性低氧所致收缩反应 ( Δ TIH)较各自对照组均明显降低 [(10 .11± 9.5 6 ) mg、 (14.5 7± 10 .0 2 ) m g Vs (2 7.15± 12 .0 9) mg、 (2 7.86± 13.0 7) mg,P<0 .0 1) ];舒张反应 (-Δ TIH)较各自对照组均明显增强 [(14.18± 5 .14) mg、 (2 6 .35± 11.74) m g Vs (9.39± 7.12 ) mg、 (8.99± 7.32 ) mg]。 2慢性低氧 15 d、 30 d后单位重量肺血管对高钾收缩反应 (ΔTK0 )为 [(10 5 .4± 32 .2 ) m g、 (113.9±2 8.3) m g],分别低于各自对照组 [(132 .7± 30 .3) m g、 (133.1± 34 .2 ) mg]。 3消炎痛可增强低氧性肺血管收缩反应 ,慢性低氧 30 d组增强百分比为 (148.87± 5 7.0 8) % ,明显高于其对照组 (5 9.0 2± 2 4.5 2 ) % ,P<0 .0 1。提示 :慢性低氧降低肺血管反应性可能是由于肺血管平滑肌的收缩性降低以及前列腺素对 HPV的调节作用增强所致。     

CD4+ T cell response to factor VIII in hemophilia A, acquired hemophilia, and healthy subjects

These studies have begun to clarify the complex cellular mechanisms involved in the immune response to factor VIII. Although vigorous sensitization of CD4+ cells occurs in healthy subjects, the absence of clinically significant levels of inhibitor antibodies is likely related to the prompt down-regulation of the immune response. It may also be possible that the specific epitope repertoire recognized by CD4+ cells plays a role in the outcome of the immune response to factor VIII. Further characterization and comparison of the CD4+ repertoire in healthy subjects with that of hemophilia patients with and without inhibitors will help clarify which mechanism explains the absence of productive inhibitor synthesis in certain individuals. Also, it might identify CD4+ epitopes recognized by T helper cells that are essential for inhibitor synthesis. Additional studies to further characterize the role of Th1 and Th2 cells in the immune response to factor VIII may also be needed for the design of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing inhibitor development.     

Bio-imaging of nitric oxide-producing neurones in slices of rat brain using 4,5-diaminofluorescein

4,5-Diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) was used to identify individual nitric oxide (NO)-producing neurones in brain slices in vitro. Coronal slices of midbrain or hippocampus, 300 microm thick from young adult rats, were incubated for 30 min in 1 microM DAF-2 diacetate (DAF-2 DA) and maintained in ACSF at 33 degrees C. Illumination at 450-490 nm revealed punctate fluorescence in neurones in the lateral tegmental nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, dorsolateral periaqueductal grey matter, deep collicular layers and cortical areas. Neurones in the hippocampal pyramidal cell layer, molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the hilus fluoresced also. The fluorescence was abolished by pre-incubation of slices with L-NAME (100 microM-1 mM), the inhibitor of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS), but not by D-NAME (100 microM) or L-NIL (5-50 microM), an inhibitor of inducible NOS. In some superficially located arterioles, there were small regions of bright fluorescence close to the outer smooth muscle wall and diffuse fluorescence within the adjacent smooth muscle cells. A diffuse fluorescence was also seen in some superficially located capillaries. Basal production of NO was not seen within deeper blood vessels. DAF-2 DA offers a sensitive indicator for visualising basal production of NO with high spatial resolution and could provide a means of identifying NOS-containing neurones in brain slices in vitro prior to neurophysiological study.     

Extraocular muscle imbalance after scleral buckling

Postoperative muscle imbalance was prospectively evaluated in 44 patients who underwent conventional scleral buckling operations. Strabismus was present in 27 of 44 patients (61%). Heterotropia resolved spontaneously during the first six postoperative months in nine of 27 patients (33%). Diplopia persisted in six patients (13.6%) and limitation of ductions occurred in 22 of 44 patients (50%). The risk of developing postoperative strabismus was 2.5 times longer if an implant was placed under a rectus muscle. Otherwise, presence, degree, and direction of the duction deficits did not correlate with placement of a local implant under the corresponding rectus muscles or their antagonists. Reoperation, preoperative detachment of macula and size of the local implant were not statistically correlated with extraocular muscle imbalance. We believe that decrease in postoperative swelling and increase in visual acuity that allows phoria adaptation are the main causes of spontaneous resolution.