A simplified approach to understanding urea kinetics in peritoneal dialysis.

Urea, a small molecular solute, is the candidate molecule commonly used to understand solute kinetics in both peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis. Serum urea or serum urea nitrogen levels are used to calculate measures of dialysis adequacy and nutritional status in patients on dialysis. The kinetic behavior of this molecule is different for a continuous therapy such as PD compared with an intermittent therapy such as hemodialysis. This article presents a simplified approach to understanding urea kinetics on PD.     

Ueber den Einfluss der Kranzarterienerkrankungen auf das Herz und die chronische Myocarditis

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Luxationen im Bereich des Mittelfußes

Ohne Zusammenfassung (Mit 13 Abbildungen.)     

Rechtsprechung aktuell

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Rechtsprechung aktuell

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Bogengangsreflexe auf die Extremitäten beim Kaninchen

Zusammenfassung Kaninchen zeigen bei kalorischer Reizung eines Labyrinths Unterschiede im Tonus der Vorderbeine.Bei ampullopetaler Strömung im horizontalen Bogengange wird die gleichseitige Extremität gestreckt und abduziert, die gegenseitige gebeugt und adduziert, bei ampullofugaler Strömung tritt das umgekehrte Verhalten ein.Diese Reaktionsbewegungen fallen nach Labyrinthexstirpation fort.Sie sind unverändert erhalten nach Exstirpation des Großhirns, nach Zerstörung der Mittelohrschleimhaut und nach einseitiger Exstirpation des Ganglion Gasseri.Bei rotatorischer Reizung treten unsichere und bisher nicht einheitlich zu deutende Reaktionsbewegungen auf.     

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex N-acetylaspartate/total creatine (NAA/tCr) loss in male recreational cannabis users.

BACKGROUND: Cannabinoids present neurotoxic and neuroprotective properties in in vitro studies, inconsistent alterations in human neuroimaging studies, neuropsychological deficits, and an increased risk for psychotic episodes. METHODS: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS), neuropsychological testing, and hair analysis for cannabinoids was performed in 13 male nontreatment-seeking recreational cannabis users and 13 male control subjects. RESULTS: A significantly diminished N-acetylaspartate/total creatine (NAA/tCr) ratio in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was observed in cannabis users (p = .0003). The NAA/tCr in the putamen/globus pallidum region correlated significantly with cannabidiol (R(2) = .66, p = .004). Results of the Wisconsin Card Sorting test, Trail making Test, and D2 test for attention were influenced by cannabinoids. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic recreational cannabis use is associated with an indication of diminished neuronal and axonal integrity in the DLPFC in this study. As chronic cannabis use is a risk factor for psychosis, these results are interesting because diminished NAA/tCr ratios in the DLPFC and neuropsychological deficits were also reported in schizophrenia. The strong positive correlation of NAA/tCr and cannabidiol in the putamen/globus pallidum is in line with neuroprotective properties of cannabidiol, which were also observed in in vitro model studies of Parkinson's disease.