低剂量黄绿青霉素对大鼠心肌细胞色素C氧化酶与琥珀酸脱氢酶活性的影响

目的观察低剂量黄绿青霉素（CIT）对大鼠心肌细胞色素c氧化酶（COX）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性的影响。方法将刚断乳的Wistar雌性大鼠随机分为4组，3个实验组饲料加入乙醇提取的CIT粗毒素．按动物体质量给予CIT剂量分别为0．5、1．5、3．0mg／kg，对照组正常饲料加乙醇。饲养30d后用乙醚麻醉处死大鼠，取心室肌，酶组织化学染色法观察COX和SDH酶活性变化。结果1．5mg／kgCIT剂量组可见酶染颗粒减少，与对照组相比呈浅染；3．0mg／kgCIT剂量组酶染颗粒大量减少，且分布不均，局部可见点灶样缺失。图像定量分析表明，与对照组相比，1．5、3．0mg／kg剂量组的COX、SDH酶活性均明显降低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论CIT剂量达1．5mg／kg时可致大鼠心肌组织COX、SDH酶活性显著减弱，且呈剂量效应关系。     

干细胞在肝病治疗中的应用

干细胞来源于胚胎、胎儿和成体组织，具有自我更新和多向分化潜能。各种类型的干细胞以其独特方式在肝脏再生过程中发挥作用，为临床疾病的治疗提供了广阔前景。本文就目前干细胞的分类、移植途径、临床治疗中的相关问题和应用前景作一综述。     

The relationship between iron stores and corrected QT dispersion in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVE: Cardiac arrhythmias commonly occur in hemodialysis patients. QT dispersion (QTd=QTmax-QTmin) reflects heterogeneity of cardiac repolarization, and increased QTd is known to predispose the heart to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The aim of our study was to assess the association of iron stores, reflected by transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin, with the dispersion of corrected QT intervals (QTc) in patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: This cross-sectional, case-controlled study included 40 patients (23 men and 17 women) with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis (Patient group) and 27 subjects (10 men and 17 women) with normal renal function (Control group). In all patients and control subjects, QT intervals were measured on electrocardiogram, and QTc intervals and QTc dispersion were calculated. Electrolyte, hemoglobin and serum TSAT and ferritin levels were also determined. RESULTS: Hemodialysis patients had significantly greater QTc dispersion compared to that of control subjects (61.7+/-23.0 msec vs. 46.0+/-15.7 msec; p=0.001). Though serum iron levels were significantly associated with greater QTc dispersion (r=0.324, p=0.042), other electrolyte levels, duration of dialysis, TSAT and serum ferritin levels were not. CONCLUSION: Although hemodialysis patients have greater QTc dispersion than control subjects, their levels of iron stores as reflected by TSAT and ferritin levels, does not correlate with the degree of QT dispersion.     

"Concentration x time" methotrexate via a subcutaneous reservoir: a less toxic regimen for intraventricular chemotherapy of central nervous system neoplasms

Neurotoxicity associated with intrathecal methotrexate therapy has been shown to correlate with elevated concentrations of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as with the total cumulative dosage. In our study 19 patients with meningeal leukemia were randomized to receive courses of intraventricular methotrexate via an Ommaya reservoir consisting of either single injections of 12 mg/sq m/dose or a low-dose "concentration x time" (C x T) schedule of 1 mg every 12 hr for 3 days. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in the rate of remission induction, the number of relapses, or the durations of remission. The mean (+/- 1 SD) cumulative methotrexate dose was 66 +/- 41 mg/sq m in the C x T group and 173 +/- 64 mg/sq m in the 12 mg/sq m/dose group (p less than 0.005). Neurologic toxicity occurred in one of the eight patients in the C x T group and in seven of ten patients in the 12 mg/sq m/dose group (p less than 0.05). These observations suggest that the C x T dosage schedule is less neurotoxic and equally effective in the treatment of central nervous system leukemia.     

Coagulation factor XII Locarno: the functional defect is caused by the amino acid substitution Arg 353-->Pro leading to loss of a kallikrein cleavage site

The dysfunctional coagulation factor XII (FXII) Locarno was purified from 2 L of the proposita's plasma. Studies to identify the molecular defect responsible for the lack of amidolytic and proteolytic activity of this FXII variant were performed. Amino acid sequence analysis of peptides obtained from FXII Locarno on activation with either trypsin or plasma kallikrein and dextran sulfate showed an amino acid substitution of Arg 353 by Pro. Thereby, the kallikrein cleavage site at Arg 353-Val 354 is lost. Although trypsin-activated FXII Locarno was fully cleaved at Arg 334-Asn 335 and at Arg 343-Leu 344, neither amidolytic nor proteolytic activity was generated. We conclude that proteolytic cleavage at Arg 343 in the absence of cleavage at Arg 353 is not sufficient to expose the enzymatic active site in FXII Locarno.     

Exercise and fractures in postmenopausal women: 12-year results of the Erlangen Fitness and Osteoporosis Prevention Study (EFOPS)

Summary  

This trial is the first exercise study that focuses on fracture incidence as a primary study endpoint. Although we marginally failed to determine significant effects on “overall” fracture risk (p = .074) or rate ratio (p = .095), our findings further increased the evidence that exercise relevantly prevents fractures in the elderly.     

Epithelioid Angiosarcoma With Metastatic Disease After Endovascular Therapy of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Malignancies of the aortic wall represent a rare condition, and only a few reports have covered cases of sarcomas arising at the site of a prosthesis made of Dacron. A coincidence with endovascular repair has only been reported in one case to date. We report a patient with epithelioid angiosarcoma and metastatic disease, which was found in an aneurysmal sac after endovascular aortic repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm.     

泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体、支原体感染特征及耐药性分析

【目的】了解本地区泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体（CT ）和支原体感染特征及耐药性,以指导临床合理用药。【方法】对本院2012年1月至2013年12月妇科、男性科、泌尿科、体检中心526份泌尿生殖道标本使用支原体培养鉴定药敏试验试剂盒和沙眼衣原体抗原检测试剂盒进行检测。【结果】526份泌尿生殖道标本中检出C T、支原体334株（63．5％）,其中C T 59株（11．2％）,支原体275株（52．3％）。感染前3位病原菌依次是解脲脲原体（Uu）（26．8％）、Uu＋CT（16．9％）、CT（11．2％）;支原体对美满霉素、强力霉素、交沙霉素、四环素的敏感性均在90％以上。【结论】泌尿生殖道不同类型的支原体感染对抗生素的耐药性也各不相同,临床应根据药敏试验结果选择有效的抗生素进行治疗。