后路1期全瘤椎切除与重建治疗胸腰椎肿瘤

目的:探讨一期后路全瘤椎切除与重建治疗胸腰椎肿瘤的临床疗效.方法:2005年6月至2008年9月,共收治单节段胸腰椎肿瘤19例,男13例,女6例,年龄18～71岁,平均56.5岁,其中巨细胞瘤3例,浆细胞瘤1例,脊索瘤2例,乳腺癌转移5例,淋巴瘤1例,肺癌转移1例,肾癌转移1例,前列腺癌转移4例,胃肠道肿瘤转移1例,节...     

电子皮肤镜对脂溢性角化病皮损的观察

目的了解电子皮肤镜在诊断脂溢性角化病中的价值.方法利用电子皮肤镜观察诊断32例脂溢性角化病,临床肉眼观察诊断38例脂溢性角化病,经皮肤组织病理确诊,比较电子皮肤镜与临床肉眼观察诊断脂溢性角化病的正确诊断率.结果电子皮肤镜对脂溢性角化病的正确诊断率为93.8%,明显高于临床肉眼观察诊断组(71.1%).脂溢性角化病的皮损在电子皮肤镜下可分为4种类型.结论电子皮肤镜可以为诊断脂溢性角化病的诊断及鉴别诊断提供重要依据,具有重要意义.     

Nephrotoxic effects of lead nitrate exposure in diabetic and nondiabetic rats: Involvement of oxidative stress and the protective role of sodium selenite

Heavy metals are known to be toxic to organisms. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of sodium selenite against lead nitrate (LN)‐induced nephrotoxicity in diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Animals were divided into eight groups where the first was served as a control, whereas the remaining groups were treated with sodium selenite (1 mg/kg b.w.), LN (22.5 mg/kg b.w.) and a combination of LN and sodium selenite and diabetic forms of these groups. Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehide levels, serum urea, uric acid, creatinine levels, body, and kidney weights and histopathological changes were determined after 28 days. LN caused severe histopathological changes, increment in urea, uric acid, creatinine, and MDA levels, also decreasing in antioxidant enzyme activities, body, and kidney weights. In sodium selenite + LN group, we observed the protective effect of sodium selenite on examining parameters. Also diabetes caused alterations on these parameters compared with nondiabetic animals. We found that sodium selenite did not show protective effect on diabetes caused damages. As a result, LN caused nephrotoxicity and sodium selenite alleviated this toxicity but sodium selenite did not protect kidneys against diabetes mediated toxicity. Also, LN caused more harmfull effects in diabetic groups compared with nondiabetic groups. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1229–1240, 2016.     

多层螺旋CT在输尿管移行细胞癌中的诊断价值

目的回顾性分析输尿管癌的多层螺旋CT表现,提高输尿管癌的影像诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经CT扫描的52例输尿管癌患者资料。结果52例患者术前CT诊断为肾盂输尿管癌7例,输尿管中段腔内肿块16例,输尿管下段癌29例,均伴管腔不规则狭窄或闭塞;输尿管软组织肿块部分CT增强后呈轻度至中度强化;最终病理证实52例输尿管移行细胞癌。结论多层螺旋CT增强扫描技术及CT尿路成像能够明确输尿管肿瘤部位、范围,对输尿管癌的定性诊断具有重要价值;对早期发现输尿管肿瘤有重要意义。     

Prospective validation of single plasma sample 99mTc-ethylenedicysteine clearance in adults.

99mTc-L,L-ethylene, L, dicysteine (EC) clearance shows strong correlation with orthoiodohippurate clearance, and it is possible to estimate effective renal plasma flow from 99mTc-EC clearance. In routine clinical studies, it is practical to use the one or two plasma sample method instead of multiple plasma samples for clearance determination. A single-sample technique was developed for 99mTc-EC, and a regression formula was generated. A prospective study tested the validity of this regression formula. METHODS: The study population was composed of 26 patients with a wide range of renal function. Multiple plasma sample 99mTc-EC clearances were calculated from all patients using the open two-compartment model. Single plasma sample clearances were also determined from the 54-min plasma sample using the regression formula published previously. RESULTS: The multiple-sample plasma clearance of 99mTc-EC ranged from 46 to 668 mL/min with a mean of 300.76 +/- 150.73 mL/min. The clearances obtained from the 54-min plasma sample ranged from 49 to 699 mL/min, with a mean of 297.39 +/- 152.23 mL/min. There was an excellent correlation between the clearances obtained by the two techniques (r = 0.99, slope = 0.9911). The standard error of estimation was found to be 25.9 mL/min. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that 99mTc-EC clearance can be estimated from 54-min plasma samples with an acceptable error of estimation for most routine clinical studies.     

Castleman's disease with isolated extensive cervical involvement

Castleman's disease is a lymphoproliferative disorder of uncertain cause characterized by a distinctive pattern of hypervascular lymphoid hyperplasia. Computed tomography and MRI can be used to define the extent of disease. The latter may be used to detect curvilinear hypointensities within the abnormal node. Symmetrical involvement of nasopharyngeal and parapharyngeal regions in our case without disease elsewhere is considered to be an unusual presentation.     

Advanced method for calculating the scatter signal contribution in CT detectors by the Monte Carlo method

Multislice spiral CT scanners allow to acquire multiple slices simultaneously. With increasing numbers of slices, not only the total extent of slice collimation increases, but also the contribution of scatter radiation to the detector signal. A fast method for calculating the scatter signal would offer the possibility to correct the measured detector signal. Monte Carlo methods allow to simulate the paths of photons through a 3D volume, both in a patient- and scanner-specific fashion. If a scatter photon leaves the volume, its path can be followed and its interaction with an element of the detector be checked. This conventional way of calculating the scatter signal is time-consuming. In order to reduce the calculation time, a more efficient method was developed (Method of Weights). Every time an interaction occurs inside of the 3D volume, the probability of a detector hit due to photon scattering is calculated for each detector channel. The respective value is added to the scatter signal per detector with the corresponding weight. Simulated values of scatter-to-primary-signal ratios were confirmed by data available in the literature. Both the conventional and fast methods for the calculation of scatter signals yielded identical values within the range of statistical accuracy. Assuming the same computing time, the standard deviation for the conventional method was 5 times higher than for the fast one. The presented method allows to significantly reduce the computation time. It may therefore provide a basis for "real time" methods to correct for the scatter signal, especially in case of increasing numbers of slices.