儿童哮喘防治中的几个问题

我国有近3000万哮喘患者，其中儿童1000万左右。目前全国获得正规治疗的患者仅占哮喘患者的2％左右。儿童哮喘发展成为成年哮喘比率很高，也就是说有很多成人哮喘是在儿童期发病。早期正确诊断、治疗儿童哮喘，防止肺功能不可逆损害发生，对减少成人哮喘及肺心病的发病率十分重要。但在儿童哮喘的防治过程中还存在一些问题值得注意。     

MR频谱检测乳酸的脉冲序列优化研究

目的通过改变一系列脉冲序列参数，以利于乳酸的最佳检测与定量分析。方法制作含乳酸玻璃模型。改变一系列的MR脉冲序列参数，应用点解析频谱序列(point resolved spectroscopy，PRESS)和激励回波序列(stimulated echo acquisition，STEAM)获得乳酸模型的相应频谱。另外，对12例脑病变患者和2例健康志愿者进行磁共振频谱检查，测量出每个波峰的峰高，并绘出序列变化曲线图。结果STEAM各波峰的峰向与PRESS序列一致，但STEAM各峰高均低于同等条件的PRESS峰。随着TE时间的延长，用乳酸模型测出的乳酸峰的峰高一序列曲线图呈波浪状变化，正向双峰在TE=26、270ms时共振波幅达到最大绝对值，负向双峰在TE=135～160ms之间达到最大绝对值。脑病变患者和健康志愿者的扫描结果表明，乳酸峰在优化的序列高于非优化的序列。结论优化的脉冲序列更有利于乳酸的检测与定量分析。     

肿瘤介入治疗的现状及存在问题

通过回顾国内肿瘤介入治疗的进展,分析其适应证、治疗规范和存在问题,并对肿瘤介入工作的业务培训、科间协作及病房管理等相关问题进行初步探讨.     

高校图书馆电子阅览室利用现状及其管理服务模式创新

以调查问卷的形式，从高校图书馆电子阅览室读者利用现状入手分析各种类型读者的需求，提出以读者为中心，从管理、沟通、宣传、培训、导读、构建学习平台、考研咨询等7个方面探索创新电子阅览室管理与服务的策略。     

兔眼眶植入羟基磷灰石义眼台血管化的MRI评价

目的用MRI研究兔眼眶内植入羟基磷灰石（hydroxyapatite，HA）义眼台血管化过程，探讨义眼台血管化MRI表现和特点。方法12只新西兰白兔眼眶内植入直径12mmHA义眼台，于术后第2、3、4、5、6周对所有手术兔行双眼MR平扫及钆喷替酸葡甲胺（Gd-DTPA）增强扫描，计算义眼台强化区体积与义眼台体积比值（VE／VHA），对结果用单因素方差分析。并于第2、4周采用随机数字法抽取2只，第6周对剩余动物义眼台行组织病理学检查。结果术后第2、3、4、5、6周VE／VHA值分别为0．570±0．055；0．787±0．036；0．995±0．014；1．000±0．000；1．000±0．000。第2、3、4周VE／VHA值逐渐增加，均数间比较差异有统计学意义（F=233．094，P=0），第4、5、6周均数间比较差异无统计学意义（F=0．686，P=0．520）。术后2周病理显示义眼台周边有纤维血管生长，第4、6周整个义眼台完全血管化。结论MRI可直观、准确地评价义眼台血管化的程度和范围。     

自制杨辣子昆虫系列药治疗类风湿性关节炎64例

目的观察杨辣子昆虫系列药对类风湿性关节炎（RA）主要临床症状的疗效。方法采用具备独立发明专利权的杨辣子昆虫系列药（专利号9112102．7）针剂皮下肌肉阿是穴注射，口服其药酒和胶丸。结果经过3个月治疗后，RA主要症状休息痛、晨僵、关节肿胀和关节压痛有明显改善（P〈0．05），关节畸形部分改善。治疗前后总分比较临床有效率为93．75％。结论杨辣子昆虫系列药治疗RA的主要症状有较好疗效。     

鞘内注射吗啡加可乐定对切口痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶A催化亚单位表达的影响

Objective To observe the effect of intrathecal clonidine plus morphine on expression of protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham group, control group, pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group, pro-incisional clonidine 5 μg group and preincisional morphine 2.5 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group (n=16). lntrathecal catheter and the model of incisional pain were pro-duced according to Yaksh and Brennan's described method respectively. Changes of pain behavior were assessed by mechanical with-drawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL). The expressions of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were assessed by immunohistochemical method and western blotting analysis. Results Compared with sham group, MWT and TWL in control group were decreased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were increased significantly in control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, MWT and TWL in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group were increased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were decreased significantly in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 μg group (P<0.01). However, MWT, TWL and the number of positive cells and pro-tein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn changed with no statistical significance in pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group and pre-incisional clonidine 5 μg group compared with control group. Conclusion lntrathecal clonidine significantly enhances the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in a rat model of incisional pain, which might be associated with inhibi-tion of the increased expression of PKA catalytic subunit in spinal cord.     

股骨转子间骨折微创内固定术的临床分析

目的回顾分析股骨转子间骨折微创内固定术以提高其临床疗效.方法回顾分析C形臂X线光机透视下闭合复位,经皮动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定术治疗股骨转子间骨折109例,男68例,女41例;年龄42～92岁,平均67.5岁.结果切口长度平均5.1cm;出血量平均49.5ml;手术时间平均38分钟;骨折全部愈合,临床愈合时间58～82天,平均66.5天;2例改切开复位内固定术;2例切口形成血肿;2例术中股骨颈后壁磨穿;1例因过度内旋固定致髋关节外旋受限;其余108例髋关节功能均正常.3例套筒钢板与股骨纵轴不一致;2例股外侧肌医源性损伤.X线评价:5例粗隆上移0.8～1.5cm;109例中未见髋内翻、髋螺钉切割、拔出或穿透股骨头.结论经皮DHS内固定术,是目前治疗股骨转子间骨折新的理想的微创治疗技术.严格掌握手术适应症,正确的手术操作,适时进行康复锻炼是治疗成功的关键,但微创手术内固定器械尚有待改进.     

Resetting of the arterial baroreflex increases orthostatic sympathetic activation and prevents postural hypotension in rabbits

Since humans are under ceaseless orthostatic stress, the mechanism to maintain arterial pressure (AP) under orthostatic stress against gravitational fluid shift is of great importance. We hypothesized that (1) orthostatic stress resets the arterial baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to a higher SNA, and (2) resetting of the arterial baroreflex contributes to preventing postural hypotension. Renal SNA and AP were recorded in eight anaesthetized, vagotomized and aortic-denervated rabbits. Isolated intracarotid sinus pressure (CSP) was increased stepwise from 40 to 160 mmHg with increments of 20 mmHg (60 s for each CSP level) while the animal was placed supine and at 60 deg upright tilt. Upright tilt shifted the CSP–SNA relationship (the baroreflex neural arc) to a higher SNA, shifted the SNA–AP relationship (the baroreflex peripheral arc) to a lower AP, and consequently moved the operating point to marked high SNA while maintaining AP. A simulation study suggests that resetting in the neural arc would double the orthostatic activation of SNA and increase the operating AP in upright tilt by 10 mmHg, compared with the absence of resetting. In addition, upright tilt did not change the CSP–AP relationship (the baroreflex total arc). A simulation study suggests that although a downward shift of the peripheral arc could shift the total arc downward, resetting in the neural arc would compensate this fall and prevent the total arc from shifting downward to a lower AP. In conclusion, upright tilt increases SNA by resetting the baroreflex neural arc. This resetting may compensate for the reduced pressor responses to SNA in the peripheral cardiovascular system and contribute to preventing postural hypotension.     

Goldenhar 综合征家系的临床表型和遗传学分析

目的分析1组Goldenhar综合征家系的临床表现及遗传学特征。方法我们随访到1组4代33人的Goldenhar综合征家系，对目前存活的29人进行了临床表型和遗传学的初步分析。结果家系内有Goldenhaar综合征患者5人．临床表现具高度多样性，累及眼、耳、脊柱、颜面、口腔等多个器官和系统的发育不良，在遗传方式上属于常染色体显性遗传。从细胞遗传学水平对家系中成员进行染色体检查，未发现核型异常。结论该Goldenhar综合征家系属常染色体显性遗传，染色体检查未发现核型异常。