STRESS IN MARITAL INTERACTION AND DIET BEHAVIOR

The research examines the effects of stress in the marital relationship on dietary behavior. The theoretical model predicted that the marital stress of inequality and role disagreement would lead to an unfavorable reflected appraisal and low self-efficacy. The latter two variables are predicted to be related to the dietary indicator of fat consumption. One hundred and fifty-five married couples were selected by a random area sample from the state of Iowa. Husbands and wives were interviewed separately in the home. The results supported the stress model. Marital interaction stress had an effect on diet as mediated by the reflected self (how one imagines they are perceived by significant others) self-efficacy (perceived control over one's outcomes). Also, interesting gender differences were found. For husbands, reflected appraisal was related to per cent calories from fat in the diet whereas for wives, self-efficacy was related to per cent calories from fat. The differences in part reflect the changing role of women.©1997 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.     

Articaine: An Effective Adjunctive Local Anesthetic for Painless Surgery at the Depth of the Muscular Fascia

BACKGROUND: Articaine is a unique amide anesthetic that contains a thiophene ring and an additional ester group. The rapid diffusion and enhanced tissue-penetrating properties of articaine enable its use for infiltrative anesthesia. OBJECTIVE: To describe the effective use of articaine as an adjuvant local anesthetic for surgical excisions requiring dissection at the level of the muscular fascia. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We discuss the successful adjunctive use of articaine to provide effective infiltrative anesthesia of muscular fascia. We review the composition, the pharmacologic properties, and the safety profile of articaine. RESULTS: Adjuvant local anesthesia using articaine results in painless surgery at the level of the muscular fascia without any perioperative complications. CONCLUSION: Articaine is not only well tolerated but also rapidly effective for anesthesia in the fascial plane of the trunk and extremities. We recommend it be considered as an adjunctive local anesthetic for consistently painless cutaneous surgery near the muscular fascia.     

Crystal structure of deltakephalin: a γ-selective opioid peptide with a novel β-bend-like conformation

The solid-state structure of deltakephalin (Tyr-D Thr-Gly-Phc-Leu-Thr) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Deltakephalin (DTLET) is a synthetic opioid peptide which differs from enkephalin in that a d -Thr has been substituted for Gly² and a sixth residue, l -Thr, has been added. Clear colorless plates obtained using vapor diffusion and macro-seeding crystallization techniques were monoclinic; space group C2 with u = 27.389(5), b = 9.205(2), c = 16.788(2) Å, β= 98.87(2) ˚ and V= 4181.4(14) ų. The asymmetric unit contained one molecule of DTLET and six molecules of water, giving a calculated density of 1.28 g cm⁻³. The crystal structure revealed that DTLET has a pseudo type I'β-bend which is stabilized by an intramolecular side-chain to backbone hydrogen bond. This is the first reported observation of a pseudo β-bend conformation in a solid-sate structure of an enkephalin analog.     

Effect of three dentin adhesives on marginal adaptation of two light-cured composites

The marginal adaptation of two light-cured composites, Silux and P-30, was tested in butt-joint dentin cavities prepared in extracted human teeth. The cavity diameter ranged from 1.8 mm to 6.3 mm. Only minor differences were found between the marginal contraction gap of Silux and P-30 when used without previous application of a dentin adhesive. The lightcured Scotchbond proved to be as effective as GLUMA in reducing the contraction gaps of Silux providing the smear-layer was partly removed, the adhesive polymerized for 50 s and finally wetted with Silux Enamel Bond prior to application of Silux. Both adhesives had markedly less effect on the contraction gaps of the highly filled P-30.     

Marginal adaptation of resin in relation to application technique and use of a calcium hydroxide liner

Abstract – The marginal adaptation of a restorative resin was examined in cone-shaped cavities prepared in extracted human teeth. The use of a thin layer of a Ca(OH)₂ liner in the bottom of the cavities did not influence the wall-to-wall (wtw) polymerization contraction and it did not affect the gap-reducing efficacy of a dentin-bonding agent. The wtw contraction was markedly increased when the restorative resin was applied in two layers parallel to the free surface of the cavity; the reason for this is supposed to be that the ratio between the volume of the filling (V) and the area of the cavity wall (A) is increased for the second layer compared to the V/A ratio found in cavities filled with one increment.     

From Peripheral to Coronary Dynamic Angioplasty: Analysis of Resulting Particles

The factors that could reduce the size of particles generated by peripheral (8 Fr) and coronary (5 Fr) Kensey catheters (KC) in calcified and noncalcified atheroma were investigated. Fresh endarterectomy specimens (72 calcified, 72 noncalcified) were inserted in a flow circuit and randomized to undergo simulated dynamic angioplasty using 5 Fr or 8 Fr KC at a range of predetermined cam speeds (20,000–80,000 rpm) and flow rates (18–60 mL/min). Atherectomy as measured by weight loss from the specimen was greater in noncalcified lesions, 21.4 ± 4.5 mg and 14.9 ± 3.8 mg, respectively (P < 0.001). In calcified atheroma, the atherectomy was asymmetrical in 38 out of 72 specimens but in only 12 of 72 noncalcified lesions (P < 0.01). Overall, 65%± 3.9% of collected particles were smaller than 5 μm and 86.8%± 9.1% were smaller than 35 μm. In the remaining 13.2%± 8.9% of particles larger than 35 μm, significant differences were detected between the maximum particle size in each group. Larger particles were generated from calcified atheroma. In noncalcified lesions, increasing cam speed reduced maximum particle size from 890 to 170 μm (P < 0.001). Although a higher flow rate and the use of 5 Fr catheter have also significantly reduced the particle size, their effect was less than that exerted by cam speed. In calcified atheroma, cam speed was the only factor observed to influence the maximal particle size, reducing it from 1,260 to 381 μm (P < 0.001). In conclusion, although the majority of particles resulting from the use of KC were small, a proportion of large particles was also detected. Their size could be significantly reduced by careful adjustment of the operating parameters. These results are important for future application of KC in coronary dynamic angioplasty. However, the impact of reducing particle size on the risk of embolism in vivo requires further study.