三维适形放疗结合252锎中子腔内后装照射治疗中晚期食管癌的临床研究

目的：探讨三维适形放疗结合锎（252Cf）中子腔内后装照射治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效、不良反应及晚期并发症。方法：92例中晚期食管癌患者全部采用三维适形放疗结合锎（252Cf）中子腔内后装照射治疗。三维适形放疗总剂量为45Gy-54Gy,分25-30次,5-6周完成;腔内照射3-4Gy/次,1次/周,共2-4次,总吸收剂量10Gy-16Gy。结果：治疗结束3个月进食梗阻缓解率为95%。近期疗效：完全缓解（CR）27%,部分缓解（PR）69.6%。1、2、3年局部控制率分别为82%、51%、32%;1、2、3年生存率分别为：78%、35%、18%;急性放射性食管炎发生率为54%;晚期食管狭窄发生率9%;食管穿孔发生率2%。结论：中晚期食管癌采用三维适形放疗结合锎（252Cf）中子腔内后装照射能够迅速而持久地缓解进食梗阻症状,提高局部控制率及生活质量,近期疗效显著,放疗不良反应未见明显增加。     

乳癌组织中人宫颈癌癌基因的表达及意义

目的 探讨人宫颈癌癌基因 (HCCR)在乳癌组织表达及意义.方法 TRIZOL法提取乳癌组织和癌旁正常组织以及乳癌病人和正常人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的RNA,用RT-PCR技术检测HCCR mRNA在不同样品中的表达水平.结果 在乳癌组织中,HCCR mRNA相对表达强度为0.836±0.106,癌旁正常组织中其相对表达强度为0.438±0.132,差异有显著性(t=6.63,P<0.05).在PBMC中,乳癌病人HCCR mRNA的表达强度为0.206±0.089,而正常人未检测出,两者比较差异有显著性(t=2.34,P<0.05).结论 HCCR基因可能参与了乳癌的发生与发展,与乳癌的病理过程有一定的相关性.     

Severity factors of Mamushi (Agkistrodon blomhoffii) bite

The factors determining the severity of a Mamushi ( Agkistrodon blomhoffii ) bite were analyzed based on the findings of our 34 cases and those appearing in the published work. It was not possible to forecast the final severity at the time of the patient's arrival and by the initial blood examination data. The maximal creatinine kinase (CK) values elevated proportionally with the time from the bite, and the relation approximated the equation of y = 300χ, where y represents the maximal CK value and χ indicates the time from the bite to the peak of CK level. In the severe cases which required intensive care, the level of the CK deviated remarkably from this line, and could be grossly distinguished from the non-severe cases. The maximal white blood cell (WBC) count also gradually increased in concordance with the time from the bite, and in addition, the WBC count of most of the severe cases exceeded 20 000/µL. This evidence suggests that the rate of the CK value elevation in relation to the time from the bite can be a useful indicator of the severity of a Mamushi bite, and the WBC count also reflects the severity.     

Use of spiral and non-spiral computed tomography arterial portography in the detection of potentially malignant liver masses

The present study assesses the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) arterial portography (CTAP) in detecting and defining the number and anatomy of potentially malignant liver lesions. One hundred and one adults studied in 1993 and 1994 were retrospectively reviewed, including patients with primary or secondary tumours for possible resection and patients with non-hepatic malignancies in whom the detection of liver metastases would preclude surgery. Twenty-three patients underwent non-spiral CT studies and 78 had studies on a spiral unit, with 22 of these having single phase and 56 having dual phase studies to overcome artefact problems. The relationship between lesion size and detection sensitivity is critical. On non-spiral studies, the overall lesion detection sensitivity and positive predictive value was 69 and 90%, respectively. Detection sensitivity was 100 and 20% for lesions > 1 cm and < 1 cm, respectively. On single phase spiral CTAP the overall detection sensitivity and positive predictive value was 80 and 66%, respectively. Detection sensitivity for lesions > 1 cm and < 1 cm was 100 and 0%, respectively. On dual phase spiral CTAP the overall detection sensitivity and positive predictive value was 76 and 71%, respectively. For lesions > 1 cm and < 1 cm the sensitivity was 81 and 55%, respectively. Eighteen patients with non-hepatic malignancies with unsuspected metastatic spread did not proceed to major surgery because of liver metastases detected on CTAP. Perfusion artefacts occurred in 30 and 64% of non-spiral and of initial portal venous spiral CTAP studies, respectively. By using the double-phase technique, these artefacts were substantially diminished. In conclusion, CTAP is a valuable tool for assessing the presence, site and size of possible liver tumours and confers a benefit even when previous ultrasound and conventional CT have already been used. In addition, CTAP has a lower limit of useful resolution of approximately 1 cm. Perfusion artefacts can be reduced by a dual phase protocol.     

Regulation of pathological blood-brain barrier for intracranial enhanced drug delivery and anti-glioblastoma therapeutics

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an essential component in regulating and maintaining the homeostatic microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS). During the occurrence and development of glioblastoma (GBM), BBB is pathologically destroyed with a marked increase in permeability. Due to the obstruction of the BBB, current strategies for GBM therapeutics still obtain a meager success rate and may lead to systemic toxicity. Moreover, chemotherapy could promote pathological BBB functional restoration, which results in significantly reduced intracerebral transport of therapeutic agents during multiple administrations of GBM and the eventual failure of GBM chemotherapy. The effective delivery of intracerebral drugs still faces severe challenges. However, strategies that regulate the pathological BBB to enhance the transport of therapeutic agents across the barrier may provide new opportunities for the effective and safe treatment of GBM. This article reviews the structure and function of BBB in physiological states, the mechanisms underlying BBB pathological fenestration during the development of GBM, and the therapeutic strategies of GBM based on BBB intervention and medicinal drugs transporting across the BBB.     

胎儿Dandy-Walker综合征的MRI研究

目的探讨胎儿Dandy-Walker综合征(Dandy-Walker syndrome,DWS)的MRI表现。方法对23例胎儿DWS病例进行回顾性分析。结果胎儿DWS主要表现为小脑蚓部缺如或发育不良,第四脑室扩大与后颅窝囊肿相通或小脑延髓池增宽。结论 DWS的MRI表现具有特征性,是诊断DWS的最理想的影像学方法。     

双波长薄层扫描法测定枝穗大黄中大黄素的含量

目的建立枝穗大黄中大黄素含量测定方法的一种方法。方法采用双波长薄层扫描法,测定波长λS=290nm,参比波长λR=342nm。结果枝穗大黄中大黄素的平均含量为0.62%,平均回收率为97.5%。结论用双波长薄层扫描法测定,方法简单、灵敏。     

淫羊藿苷元在大鼠体内的血浆动力学和组织分布研究

目的研究淫羊藿中的主要活性成分淫羊藿苷元在大鼠体内的血浆动力学和组织分布特征,为黄酮类天然药物的开发提供依据。方法应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定大鼠血浆及组织中游离淫羊藿苷元(淫羊藿苷元原型)和总淫羊藿苷元(淫羊藿苷元原型及其二相代谢产物的总和)的浓度,并应用Win Nonlin7.0软件非房室模型计算药动学参数。结果大鼠iv淫羊藿苷元(5 mg/kg)后,血浆中游离淫羊藿苷元和总淫羊藿苷元的血药峰浓度(Cmax)分别为(978±107)、(2390±295)ng/m L,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC0-t)分别为(422±38)、(3000±932)ng·h/m L,消除半衰期(t1/2)分别为(1.640±0.767)、(3.82±2.16)h。大鼠ig淫羊藿苷元(10mg/kg)后,血浆中游离型淫羊藿苷元及总淫羊藿苷元的达峰时间(Tmax)为0.292h,Cmax分别为(12.90±5.77)、(3800±1110)ng/m L,AUC0-t分别为(12.00±8.01)、(5760±2200)ng·h/m L,t1/2分别为(0.812±0.263)...     

稀土微肥对铁皮石斛试管苗壮苗的影响

目的研究稀土微肥对铁皮石斛试管苗壮苗的影响。方法通过正交试验,以石斛小苗为外植体,培养在附加了3种不同稀土元素组合的1/2MS 20%的香蕉提取物的培养基上进行培养。结果3种稀土元素中的镧(La)对试管苗增质量、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和石斛多糖的量都有显著的影响;3种稀土元素都对试管苗的叶片数、根数、分蘖数以及叶绿素a的量影响不显著。结论为铁皮石斛试管苗的壮苗以及品质的提高提供了科学的依据。     

胸苷酸合成酶基因多态性及烟酒茶嗜好与贲门癌易感性的关系

目的 :研究胸苷酸合成酶TS3′ UTR多态性及其和烟酒茶嗜好相互作用与贲门癌易感性的关系。方法 :在上消化道癌高发区淮安市进行了一个病例对照研究 (贲门癌 89例 ,人群对照 2 2 3例 ) ,调查研究对象的生活习惯 ,采用PCR RFLP技术检测研究对象的TS 3′ UTR基因型。结果 :贲门癌组TS 6/ 6bp、 6/-6bp和 -6/-6bp基因型频率分别为7 9%、43 8%和 48 3 % ,与对照组( 8 1%、5 4 3 %和 3 7 7% )相比差异无统计学意义。与携带TS 6bp等位基因且不吸烟、每周饮酒 <2次和饮茶者相比 ,在吸烟、每周饮酒≥ 2次和不饮茶者中 ,携带TS -6/-6bp基因型者发生贲门癌的危险性显著上升 ,调整后的OR分别为 3 99( 95 %CI:1 5 1～ 10 5 0 )、3 2 2 ( 95 %CI :1 2 1～8 5 5 )和 6 14 ( 95 %CI:2 3 9～ 15 77)。结论 :TS 3′ UTR基因多态性影响吸烟、饮酒和饮茶与贲门癌之间的关系