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The potential role and rationale for treatment of heart failure with sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors 下载免费PDF全文
Javed Butler Carine E. Hamo Gerasimos Filippatos Stuart J. Pocock Richard A. Bernstein Martina Brueckmann Alfred K. Cheung Jyothis T. George Jennifer B. Green James L. Januzzi Sanjay Kaul Carolyn S.P. Lam Gregory Y.H. Lip Nikolaus Marx Peter A. McCullough Cyrus R. Mehta Piotr Ponikowski Julio Rosenstock Naveed Sattar Afshin Salsali Benjamin M. Scirica Sanjiv J. Shah Hiroyuki Tsutsui Subodh Verma Christoph Wanner Hans‐Juergan Woerle Faiez Zannad Stefan D. Anker 《European journal of heart failure》2017,19(11):1390-1400
Heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both growing public health concerns contributing to major medical and economic burdens to society. T2DM increases the risk of HF, frequently occurs concomitantly with HF, and worsens the prognosis of HF. Several anti‐hyperglycaemic medications have been associated with a concern for worse HF outcomes. More recently, the results of the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial showed that the sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin was associated with a pronounced and precocious 38% reduction in cardiovascular mortality in subjects with T2DM and established cardiovascular disease [Correction added on 8 September 2017, after first online publication: “32%” in the previous sentence was corrected to “38%”]. These benefits were more related to a reduction in incident HF events rather than to ischaemic vascular endpoints. Several mechanisms have been put forward to explain these benefits, which also raise the possibility of using these drugs as therapies not only in the prevention of HF, but also for the treatment of patients with established HF regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. Several large trials are currently exploring this postulate. 相似文献
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Jyothis T George David A Warriner Jeffrin Anthony Kavitha S Rozario Sinu Xavier Edward B Jude Gerard A McKay 《BMC medical education》2008,8(1):22
Objective
To assess the confidence, practices and perceived training needs in diabetes care of post-graduate trainee doctors in the UK. 相似文献15.
Darren K. McGuire MD Nikolaus Marx MD Odd Erik Johansen MD Silvio E. Inzucchi MD Julio Rosenstock MD Jyothis T. George MBBS 《Diabetes, obesity & metabolism》2019,21(5):1073-1078
In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a guidance to industry statement concerning evaluation of the cardiovascular (CV) safety of new antihyperglycaemic therapies for type 2 diabetes. Fifteen CV outcome trials assessing three novel classes of antihyperglycaemic therapies, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors, were completed by the end of 2018 and several others are ongoing. In addition, one comparative insulin trial also has been completed. None of these trials reported an increase in risk for major adverse CV events (MACE), and six agents have demonstrated CV benefits. This experience has led to the first FDA-approved indications for antihyperglycaemic medications to reduce the risk of CV death (empagliflozin) and to reduce the risk of MACE (liraglutide, canagliflozin), both indications specific to patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Because of the aggregate results from dedicated CV outcomes trials conducted in response to the FDA guidance statement, the contemporary paradigm for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes has evolved substantially. However, the guidance has substantially increased the cost of developing new medications to address this important disease that afflicts hundreds of millions of adults worldwide, with reduction in quality of life as well as in life expectancy. The cost burden of drug development of medications proven effective that may directly impact cost to patients and to their insurers might be alleviated by modifications to the present guidance statement. These include areas of trial design, aspects of trial operation, expansion of composite outcomes to include broader component CV outcomes and continued evolution of analytic methodology. The guidance statement will benefit from consideration of a number of modifications to support continued innovation and, of course, the safety of marketed medications for type 2 diabetes. However, the requirement to assess each new antihyperglycaemic medication in at least one large-scale standard randomized clinical outcomes trial should remain, so that clinicians can be reassured about the favourable efficacy/safety profiles of the medications they prescribe. 相似文献
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Subodh Verma MD Qiuhe Ji MD Deepak L. Bhatt MD C. David Mazer MD Mohammed Al-Omran MD Silvio E. Inzucchi MD Christoph Wanner MD Anne Pernille Ofstad MD Isabella Zwiener PhD Jyothis T. George MBBS Bernard Zinman MD David Fitchett MD 《Diabetes, obesity & metabolism》2020,22(7):1207-1214
In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, we explored the association between pre-randomization uric acid level tertile (<309.30 μmol/L; 309.30 to <387.21 μmol/L; ≥387.21 μmol/L) and cardiovascular (CV) death, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), HHF or CV death, all-cause mortality, three-point major adverse CV events (MACE), and incident or worsening nephropathy. Patients with type 2 diabetes and CV disease received empagliflozin or placebo. The median baseline plasma uric acid level was 344.98 μmol/L, and patients’ baseline characteristics were mainly balanced across tertiles. Baseline uric acid levels were associated with cardio-renal outcomes: in the placebo group, for the highest versus lowest tertile, the multivariable hazard ratios for three-point MACE, HHF or CV death, and incident or worsening nephropathy were 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–1.67; P = 0.2088), 1.51 (95% CI 1.02–2.23; P = 0.0396) and 1.77 (95% CI 1.33–2.34; P < 0.0001), respectively. When tested as a continuous variable, baseline uric acid was associated with all outcomes in the placebo group. Empagliflozin improved all cardio-renal outcomes across tertiles, with all interaction P values >0.05. Further investigation of these relationships is required. 相似文献
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A. Vysakh Sebastian Jose Midhun Kuriakose Jayesh Mathew Jyothis M.S. Latha 《Pathophysiology》2018,25(4):381-387
The current study aims to the detection of pathogenic potential and virulence factor identification of uropathogenic Escherichia coli BRL-17 isolated from patients urine. The organism was isolated from the patient with chronic pyelonephritis. The identification of organism was done by analyzing gram staining, biochemical, 16S rDNA analysis, Raman microscopy and SEM analysis. The pathogenic potential was identified by multiplex PCR analysis of virulence factor genes like sfa, hly D, pap C. The biofilm forming ability was tested by congo red agar assay and tissue culture plate assay. The result of gram staining and biochemical analysis shows the characteristics of E-coli. The 16S rDNA analysis of the clinically isolated uropathogen showed 100% similarity with uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain. Raman microscopy and SEM confirms the organism as E-coli. The Multiplex PCR study identifies virulence genes like sfa, hly D, pap C in isolated E-coli. The presence of P fimbriae coded pap C gene, S fimbriae coded sfa gene and hemolysin-D coded hly D gene discloses its potential to cause urinary tract infection. Biofilm assay result enhances the organism’s role as strong biofilm former. This biofilm forming ability of Escherichia coli strain BRL-17 made the organism to escape from host immune system and helps to colonize in bladder and kidney. This also helps to enhance the resistance to antibiotics. Our study confirms the organism as multidrug resistant, highly virulent, strong biofilm forming E-coli. The strain may be used for the development of animal models of pyelonephritis for the purpose of drug discovery. 相似文献
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Subodh Verma C. David Mazer David Fitchett Silvio E. Inzucchi Egon Pfarr Jyothis T. George Bernard Zinman 《Diabetologia》2018,61(8):1712-1723