全文获取类型
收费全文 | 182928篇 |
免费 | 17418篇 |
国内免费 | 11808篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1642篇 |
儿科学 | 1907篇 |
妇产科学 | 2435篇 |
基础医学 | 21914篇 |
口腔科学 | 3269篇 |
临床医学 | 23967篇 |
内科学 | 26765篇 |
皮肤病学 | 2212篇 |
神经病学 | 9546篇 |
特种医学 | 6488篇 |
外国民族医学 | 98篇 |
外科学 | 18686篇 |
综合类 | 29752篇 |
现状与发展 | 39篇 |
一般理论 | 22篇 |
预防医学 | 12273篇 |
眼科学 | 4762篇 |
药学 | 19773篇 |
191篇 | |
中国医学 | 10987篇 |
肿瘤学 | 15426篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 728篇 |
2023年 | 3007篇 |
2022年 | 7854篇 |
2021年 | 9844篇 |
2020年 | 7405篇 |
2019年 | 6325篇 |
2018年 | 6663篇 |
2017年 | 6115篇 |
2016年 | 5710篇 |
2015年 | 8784篇 |
2014年 | 10633篇 |
2013年 | 9824篇 |
2012年 | 14308篇 |
2011年 | 15434篇 |
2010年 | 9854篇 |
2009年 | 7583篇 |
2008年 | 10075篇 |
2007年 | 9538篇 |
2006年 | 9152篇 |
2005年 | 8878篇 |
2004年 | 5689篇 |
2003年 | 5159篇 |
2002年 | 4271篇 |
2001年 | 3603篇 |
2000年 | 3796篇 |
1999年 | 3859篇 |
1998年 | 2290篇 |
1997年 | 2341篇 |
1996年 | 1783篇 |
1995年 | 1732篇 |
1994年 | 1513篇 |
1993年 | 906篇 |
1992年 | 1279篇 |
1991年 | 1115篇 |
1990年 | 895篇 |
1989年 | 844篇 |
1988年 | 761篇 |
1987年 | 623篇 |
1986年 | 458篇 |
1985年 | 396篇 |
1984年 | 190篇 |
1983年 | 162篇 |
1982年 | 93篇 |
1981年 | 123篇 |
1980年 | 79篇 |
1979年 | 108篇 |
1978年 | 52篇 |
1977年 | 51篇 |
1976年 | 42篇 |
1974年 | 44篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
991.
The surface of commercial polyacrylonitrile hollow fibers was hydrolyzed and covalently bonded with urease by using glutaraldehyde. Mini-modules assembled with these modified hollow fibers were then used to study the effect of concentration of glutaraldehyde, pH, and temperature on the catalysis of urea. The immobilized amount increased with the concentration of glutaraldehyde. However, urease immobilized with 5% glutaraldehyde had higher activity (0.38 micromol/min/mg-urease) than with other concentrations. The activity of the immobilized urease remained at above 0.32 micromol/min/mg-urease over wider applicable ranges of temperature (4-70 degreesC) and pH (5-8) compared to free urease. For comparison, the activity of immobilized urease was 0.35 micromol/min/mg-urease, while that for non-immobilized urease was 0.33 micromol/min/mg-urease at pH 7 and 20 degreesC. The removal of urea using urease-immobilized dialyzer was demonstrated with in-vitro dialysis and showed faster removing rate of urea than a regular dialyzer by 2.7 times. 相似文献
992.
Yang S Milla C Panoskaltsis-Mortari A Ingbar DH Blazar BR Haddad IY 《American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology》2001,24(5):527-536
We have previously shown an association between growth factor-induced upregulation of surfactant protein (SP)-A and suppression of alveolar inflammation in our murine model of donor T cell-dependent lung dysfunction after bone-marrow transplantation, referred to as idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS). We hypothesized that SP-A protects the lung in vivo from IPS injury by downregulation of alveolar inflammation. Human SP-A (100 microg), purified by n-butanol extraction or preparative isoelectric focusing, was transtracheally instilled on Day 4 after BMT during a time of in vivo donor T-cell activation. At 48 h after treatment, immunohistochemical staining of lung sections showed that SP-A did not alter T cell- dependent cellular infiltration. However, macrophages from SP-A-instilled mice were less injured and spontaneously produced less tumor necrosis factor-alpha than did cells from buffer-instilled mice. Although exogenous SP-A did not significantly alter bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) high levels of total protein (TP), an inverse correlation between BALF SP-A and TP concentrations (r = -0.65; P = 0.02) was observed in SP-A-treated but not in buffer-instilled mice. The only difference between the effects of the two sources of SP-A was that butanol-extracted SP-A, but not isoelectric focusing-purified SP-A, suppressed the interferon-gamma/nitric oxide pathway. We conclude that SP-A downregulates T cell-dependent alveolar inflammation by multiple pathways leading to decreased IPS injury. 相似文献
993.
本文采用放射性同位素标记的方法研究了嵌段聚醚型聚氨酯在纯纤维蛋白原溶液中和稀释血浆中的表面纤维蛋白原吸附性规律,考察了聚醚型聚氨酯的特性粘数及溶液体系中的NaCl浓度对材料表面纤维蛋白原吸附性的影响,结果表明,随着聚合物特性粘数的增大,材料表面的纤维蛋白原吸附量呈降低的趋势;溶液体系中盐浓度的降低导致纤维蛋白原凝固性增强,在纯纤维蛋白原溶液中,材料表面纤维蛋白原的吸附量相应增多,而在稀释血浆中,纤维蛋白原的吸附量相应减少,在达到最低值后又有上升的趋向,表明纤维蛋白原在材料表面的吸附还受血浆中其它大分子的影响。 相似文献
994.
Human mini-chromosomes in mouse embryonal stem cells 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
We have introduced human mini-chromosomes of 4 Mb and approximately 15 Mb
in size into mouse embryonal stem cells. Although these human mini-
chromosomes are stable in hamster and chicken cells, they re-arrange or
segregate aberrantly in the embryonal stem cells and are rapidly lost in
the absence of selection. However, one of the mini-chromosomes re-
arranged, acquired mouse centromeric sequences and was then stably
maintained for at least 60 population doublings in culture. This mini-
chromosome, which is 4 Mb in size, is a candidate for a mouse germ line
chromosome vector.
相似文献
995.
996.
本文分别应用标准12导联系统,Frank正交导联系统和改良Frank正交导联系统记录健康人36例、陈旧性心肌梗塞42例的心室碎裂电位,通过分析这些导联系统中相互垂直或近似垂直的导联上VFP的形态,数量关系,发现改良Frank正导联系统记录VFP较其它导联系统更科学,合理,且操作方便。 相似文献
997.
Kim D Hur DY Kim YS Lee K Lee Y Cho D Kang JS Kim YI Hahm E Yang Y Yoon S Kim S Lee WB Park HY Kim YB Hwang YI Chang KY Lee WJ 《Human immunology》2002,63(7):576-587
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a tumor with the characteristics of germinal center B cells. We previously reported that the CM1 (centrocyte/-blast marker 1) molecule is expressed only in germinal center B cells, specifically, in a subpopulation of centroblasts and centrocytes. In the present study, we investigated the apoptosis induced by anti-CM1 in the Ramos and Raji human BL cell lines. The Ramos is protected from apoptosis by the crosslinking of sIgM and the calcium ionophore by the ligation of CD40 with anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) or soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L). In this investigation on the effect of CM1 on apoptosis in BL cell lines, we found that cellular signaling by CM1 induces apoptosis and decreases cell viability, in BL cell lines cultured for 24 hours with protein-G agarose beads conjugated anti-CM1 mAb. Stimulation by CD40 ligated with sCD40L protected Raji cells from CM1-induced apoptosis, but did not protect Ramos cells. Furthermore, after anti-CM1 mAb stimulation, CD95 expression was upregulated and CD40 expression was unaltered or slightly decreased in Ramos cells, whereas CD95 was downregulated and CD40 was slightly upregulated in Raji cells. The engagement of CD40 by sCD40L enhanced CD95 expression, but the level of CM1 expression was unchanged in Ramos. However, sCD40L downregulated both CD95 and CM1 expression in Raji. In addition, the caspase-8 specific inhibitor blocked CM1-induced apoptosis in Ramos cells, but not in Raji cells. Increased mitochondrial membrane permeabilization was observed only in Raji cells. Moreover, the effector caspase inhibitor, z-DEVD, blocked CM1-mediated apoptosis in both cell lines. We found that CM1-induced apoptosis is achieved via different initiation pathways, which are cell-type dependent. 相似文献
998.
目的为了进一步探索VGF的生物学功能方法分别构建了痘苗病毒天坛株生长因子(Vacciniagrowthfactor,VGF)基因细胞膜外结构域(VGFsl)的真核及原核表达系统,在相应的细胞中获得了单独表达(真核)和融合表达(原核)。结果初步纯化的VGFsl表达产物能够与上皮生长因子(EGF)的受体结合,并刺激受体中酪氨酸残基发生磷酸化反应。与EGF相比,VGFsl表达产物刺激EGF受体自身磷酸化的能力更强。结论上述结果为VGF在病毒感染过程中的作用以及VGF作为新型多肽类药物的研究提供了有价值的线索。 相似文献
999.
In the rabbit, lens disruption produced very little histological changes in the retina. However, lens disruption after skin graft produced an alarming picture with infiltration of inflammatory cells and degeneration of retinal layers. 相似文献
1000.
J. H. Lee S. S. Lee J. S. Park S. Lee M. H. Yang T. Y. Yoon 《Journal of Korean medical science》1995,10(6):399-405
Recent studies have suggested a probable association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and nasal/nasopharyngeal T cell lymphomas but the role of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes is poorly understood. We have studied the frequency of p53 expression and its relation to the EBV infection in 33 Korean patients with head and neck (H&N) lymphomas. All cases (23 B cell & 10 T cell) were immunostained for p53 protein using the mAb D07 (Novocastra) and the avidin biotin peroxidase method. EBER in situ hybridization was performed using a fluorescein conjugated EBV oligonucleotide probe (Dako). Among 33 lymphomas, 16 cases stained positively for p53 protein. P53 expression was frequent both in higher grade lymphomas and in advanced stage. Nine cases were EBER positive, EBER was more commonly found in T cell lymphomas than in B cell lymphomas (70% vs 8.7%). EBER positive lymphomas showed a higher frequency of p53 positivity than EBER negative lymphomas (78% vs 38%), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.095). These findings indicate altered expression of p53 protein occurs in H&N lymphomas, especially in late event lymphoma progression and appears to play a role in the development of EBER positive T cell lymphomas. 相似文献