外周血淋巴细胞和单核细胞比值对儿童霍奇金淋巴瘤预后的意义

目的成人霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)研究显示外周血淋巴细胞绝对值与单核细胞绝对值的比值(absolute lymphocyte count/absolute monocyte count ratio,LMR)具有预后意义。而在儿童HL中鲜有研究,本研究主要探讨LMR在儿童HL中的预后价值。方法回顾性分析中山大学肿瘤防治中心从1998年1月-2013年10月收治的107例初诊年龄18岁儿童青少年HL的临床资料,收集和分析患者初诊时的外周血淋巴细胞绝对值(absolute lymphocyte count,ALC)、淋巴细胞百分比(1ymphocyte percentage,LYM%)和单核细胞绝对值(absolute monocyte count,AMC)等数据,通过SPSS中受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,ROC)获得淋巴细胞绝对值与单核细胞绝对值比值LMR、LYM%、AMC与及ALC的最佳临界值,在该临界值上敏感度与精确度都达到最大值。再进行单因素和多因素分析其与预后的关系。结果 107例儿童HL纳入分析,男80例,女27例,中位年龄10(2~18)岁。Ⅰ期5例,Ⅱ期50例,Ⅲ期33例,Ⅳ期19例。所有患者采用ABVD为基础的化疗方案±放疗。107例患者LMR的最佳临界值是2.15(P=0.006),LMR/≥2.15患者66例,LMR2.15患者41例。中位随访时间51.2(7~204)个月。全组5年EFS和OS分别为82.3%和96.7%。LMR≥2.15组和LMR2.15组患者5年EFS分别为87.9%和70.7%(P=0.041)。两组5年OS分别为97.0%和95.1%;P=0.815)。单因素分析LMR、LYM%和Ⅳ期是儿童HL的EFS预后因素;多因素分析LMR为非独立预后因素,仅Ⅳ期为独立预后因素。结论本研究显示儿童HL患者初诊外周血LMR是影响EFS的预后因素之一,值得进一步研究。     

经鼻胃镜放置肠梗阻导管治疗粘连性小肠梗阻的临床应用

我们将鼻胃镜经鼻插入28例粘连性小肠梗阻的患者十二指肠降段,经活检孔引入亲水性超滑导丝至空肠,退出鼻胃镜,将肠梗阻导管沿导丝送入空肠上段,充盈前气囊后,观察患者治疗前后症状有无缓解、腹围缩小情况及24 h引流量等指标。结果 显示28例患者均1次置管成功,成功率100%。置管时间为10～35 min,留管时间为3～18 d。术中均无并发症发生。患者临床症状均有不同程度改善;24 h引流量480～1 550 mL,平均885 mL;置管24 h后患者腹围（79.1%±20.3%）显著小于置管前（100%,P〈0.05）。可见经鼻胃镜放置肠梗阻导管简便、易行,治疗粘连性小肠梗阻疗效确切,应作为治疗粘连性小肠梗阻的首选方法。     

Incremental value of diffusion weighted and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in the detection of locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation treatment: preliminary results

Objectives  

To assess the incremental value of diffusion-weighted (DW-MRI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) to T2-weighted MRI (T2WI) in detecting locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy.     

A modified TNM-7 staging system to better predict the survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system (TNM-7) for patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to propose a modified TNM system for better prediction of survival.

Methods

Clinico-pathological data for 1,313 patients who underwent hepatectomy as initial treatment for HCC between 2000 and 2008 were retrieved from a prospective database. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed to evaluate the predictive value.

Results

The 1-, 3-, 5-year OS and DFS of 1,313 patients were 79.2, 55.4, 45.5 %, and 52.6, 36.1, 31.8 %, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that major vascular invasion was the most important prognostic factor for both OS and DFS, along with tumour number and size. Patients with pT1 and pT2 disease had significantly better OS and DFS than those with pT3 disease (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between pT3a and pT4 (P = 0.552) but patients with pT3b disease had a worse OS and DFS than those with pT4 disease (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively). A modified TNM system within the existing framework was proposed to combine the current pT3a and pT4 together as the new pT3 and to change pT3b to the new pT4. Analysis showed that this modified system had a better prognostic power than either TNM-6 or TNM-7.

Conclusion

TNM-7 would seem to be inaccurate for staging advanced HCC. The modified system can improve both the prognostic accuracy and the hazard discrimination of disease to be consistent among subgroups of HCC.     

Prognostic factors for long-term outcome of patients with surgical resection of skull base chordomas—106 cases review in one institution

Skull base chordoma are still challenging. Between May 1993 and June 2005, 106 consecutive patients with skull base chordoma underwent surgical removal at Skull Base Division of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China. Retrospective analysis included medical charts and images. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 65 years old, with an average age of 35.6 years. Sixty patients were male; the other 46 were female (1.3:1). Follow up data were available in 79 cases ranging from 10 to 158 months (average 63.9 months) after operation. The prognostic factors for recurrence and survival were analyzed with Kaplan‐Meier, Cox regression and t‐test. Overall, 1, 3, 5 and 10 years survival rates were 87.2%, 79.4%, 67.6%and 59.5% respectively. One, 3, 5 and 10 year recurrent rates were 19.1%, 34.7%, 52.9% and 88.3%, respectively. The long term outcome of the skull base chordomas is poor. The previous radiotherapy or surgery, dedifferentiated pathology, and less tumor resection are risk factors for longterm survival and recurrence (p < 0.05). Although there is no statistic significant role of tumor adherent to vital structure for outcome (p = 0.051), it can not exclude its importance for favorable outcome. Gender, age, tumor size and staging are not independent risk factors for outcome. Surgical technique leading to radical tumor resection with less morbidity is advocatory and beneficial for patients with skull base chordoma with long term outcome, if the tumor could be exposed and resected completely, the recurrence rate was very low for most benign chordomas.     

Real-time bioluminescence and tomographic imaging of gastric cancer in a novel orthotopic mouse model

Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Understanding the multistep process of carcinogenesis of gastric cancer is pivotal to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Molecular imaging in preclinical cancer models bridges the gap of laboratory-based experiment and clinical translation. To this end, the human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was established to stably express luciferase and GFP by lentiviral transduction (SGC7901-Luc-GFP). Preclinical models were developed by orthotopic transplantation of SGC-7901-Luc-GFP into the sub-serosal layer of the stomach of immunocompromised mice. Tumor progression and therapeutic responses were dynamically tracked by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) was used to monitor stereoscopic morphological and signal changes during tumor progression. Good correlation between cell number and bio-luminescence/fluorescence intensity was observed (R(2)=0.9983/r(2)=0.9974) in vitro. Tumor progression and therapeutic response could be successfully followed directly by BLI. Importantly, BLT provided a more accurate spatial location and tomographic quantification of the internal lesion. In conclusion, our novel bioluminescence-based preclinical gastric cancer models enable superior, noninvasive monitoring gastric cancer progression and their drug responses. The BLT technique in particular, may have great potential for future oncological studies.