淫羊藿、巴戟天中药提取物对恒河猴M0、M1型单核衍生巨噬细胞基因表达的影响

【目的】探讨中药淫羊藿、巴戟天提取物(中药注射液喘可治的组成)对恒河猴单核衍生的巨噬细胞在未极化(M0)、M1极化条件下基因表达的影响,分析其可能的免疫调节的作用机制。【方法】采用密度梯度离心法分离中国恒河猴外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs),采用贴壁法纯化出单核细胞,并以粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)刺激5 d以使单核细胞分化成巨噬细胞;然后不加入极化因子(M0)或以干扰素γ(IFN-γ,继续培养2 d)诱导巨噬细胞极化为M1表型,同时分别加入淫羊藿、巴戟天提取物进行干预;然后提取m RNA并逆转录后,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测CCR5、CD4、CTLA-4、Fox P3、IDO、IL-10、TGF-β等基因表达量。【结果】与空白对照组比较,加入巴戟天提取物培养的M0巨噬细胞基因表达上调不明显;经淫羊藿提取物培养的M0巨噬细胞,CCR5基因表达量上调4.21倍,TGF-β上调7.66倍,Fox P3、IL-10轻度上调,而CD4、CTLA-4、IDO等基因表达改变倍数无明显变化。经巴戟天提取物刺激的M1型巨噬细胞,CTLA-4基因表达量上调3.22倍,Fox P3上调3.69倍,CCR5、CD4、IL-10、IDO基因改变倍数均无明显变化,TGF-β未测出;而由淫羊藿提取物刺激的M1型巨噬细胞,IL-10的表达量上调11.83倍,Fox P3上调4.55倍,IDO、CCR5、CD4、CTLA-4基因改变倍数无明显变化,TGF-β未测出。【结论】巴戟天和淫羊藿提取物培养能够上调M1型巨噬细胞IL-10、Fox P3、CTLA-4等抑炎基因表达,淫羊藿提取物能够上调M0巨噬细胞CCR5和TGF-β等基因表达,促进病原体清除和组织修复,从而发挥多效免疫调节作用。     

OCTA对青少年近视人群视网膜微血管密度的观察

目的：基于光学相干断层扫描血管成像（OCTA）技术探讨青少年儿童近视与视网膜表层微血管密度 及视网膜厚度的相关性。方法：横断面研究。共纳入2018年5─11月于四川大学华西医院眼科门 诊就诊的7～14岁青少年近视患者105例（193眼）。对所有受检者进行光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和 OCTA检查，量化分析黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度和各部位视网膜表层微血管密度。单因素方差分析比 较低、中、高度近视组各部位视网膜微血管密度及视网膜厚度的差异。采用Pearson相关系数探讨视 网膜厚度与各部位视网膜表层微血管密度的相关性。Spearman相关系数用于探讨等效球镜与中心凹、 旁中心凹视网膜表层微血管密度以及视网膜厚度的关系；分段多项式函数分析等效球镜度与外环及 直径6 mm完整视网膜表层微血管密度的关系。结果：旁中心凹、外环、直径6 mm完整区域视网膜 表层微血管密度在低、中、高度近视组间比较差异均具有统计学意义（F=11.651、14.499、14.232， 均P<0.001）。年龄与中心凹视网膜厚度之间有较弱正相关关系（r=0.187，P=0.011），与各部位微血管 密度均无相关性。等效球镜度与旁中心凹视网膜微血管密度有相关性（r=-0.301，P<0.001），与外环、 直径6 mm完整区域视网膜表层微血管密度呈曲线相关（r=-0.319，P<0.001；r=-0.307，P<0.001）。 但与中心凹视网膜表层微血管密度及视网膜厚度无显著相关性。此外，中心凹处视网膜厚度与微血 管密度呈正相关（r=0.691，P<0.001），与其余部位微血管密度无相关性。结论：青少年近视程度数 与旁中心凹、外环及直径6 mm完整区域视网膜表层微血管密度呈负相关；中心凹处视网膜厚度与年 龄、微血管密度呈正相关。     

Clinical analysis of high-intensity focussed ultrasound ablation for abdominal wall endometriosis: a 4-year experience at a specialty gynecological institution

Objective: To evaluate the long-term clinical effect of high-intensity focussed ultrasound (HIFU) as a non-invasive modality for ablation of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) foci.

Methods: All women who were diagnosed with cutaneous endometriosis and underwent HIFU ablation and 4-year follow-up were included. Patient symptoms, imaging performed, HIFU ablation, recurrence, lesion location, size and number were collected and analyzed.

Results: A total of 51 women with 57 painful abdominal wall masses with a median volume of 4.00?cm³ and a mean age of 30.5±2.12 years were treated with HIFU. The main symptoms were a palpable painful abdominal mass (93%), protrusion of the skin (28.1%, 16) or lack of protrusion of the skin (71.9%, 41). Ultrasound was initially performed in 100% (51) of women, whereas 6% (3) required MRI examinations to distinguish the features and range of the masses. Ablation was performed with a median 300?s of sonication time, 40?min treatment time, 150?W of power and 41800?J of total energy to treat lesions that were a median volume of 3.83?cm³. No severe complications occurred, except in one patient with a first-degree skin burn, during the 48-month follow-up period. The pooled recurrence of cutaneous endometriosis occurred in 3.9% (2) of women.

Conclusion: The diagnosis of AWE should be confirmed with imaging of the lesion number, location, size and features before HIFU ablation. HIFU should be the first choice for the treatment of AWE as it is a non-invasive method, with high efficiency and safety and rapid postoperative recovery.     

急性肺血栓栓塞的急诊诊疗研究进展

急性肺血栓栓塞(APTE)是内科的危急重症之一,是以肺部功能障碍及右心室功能不全为主要特征的心血管疾病。其临床表现复杂,但又缺乏特异性表现,因而易与其他疾病相混淆,造成误诊、漏诊。近年来,APTE的发病率以及致死率呈逐年上升的趋势,使患者的生命健康受到严重威胁。该文系统总结了APTE的诱发因素以及病理学特点,详细介绍了实验室检查以及常用的影像学检查等先进手段,并针对APTE的紧急处理以及当前主要的溶栓和抗凝治疗方法进行概述。     

Improvements in epidermal function prevent relapse of psoriasis: a self‐controlled study

While therapeutic approaches for psoriasis are widely available, preventive regimens are lacking. We aimed to determine whether improvements in epidermal function could prevent psoriasis relapse. Two self‐controlled cohort studies were designed, enrolling two cohorts of patients with psoriasis (n = 30 and n = 60) to be treated topically with an in‐house‐prepared emollient or ATOPALM^® cream applied twice daily to one forearm for 20 and 30 days, respectively, while the same sites on the contralateral arm served as the untreated control. Epidermal function on both arms was assessed prior to and at the end of the trials. Delayed relapse on the treated arm was seen in 54.5% and 71% of patients in the first and second cohort, respectively. The time of psoriatic relapse correlated with the extent of abnormalities in baseline epidermal function. These results suggest that improvements in epidermal function with topical emollients can prevent/attenuate the development of psoriasis.