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51.
Sahlman J Seppä J Herder C Peltonen M Peuhkurinen K Gylling H Vanninen E Tukiainen H Punnonen K Partinen M Uusitupa M Tuomilehto H 《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2012,22(7):583-590
Background and aimsInflammation may be one mediating mechanism for cardiovascular diseases in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little is known about subclinical inflammation or the effect of lifestyle intervention on inflammation in early stages of OSA. The aim of this substudy of an existing randomized controlled trial, with post hoc analyses, was to determine the impact of lifestyle changes aimed at weight reduction on inflammatory biomarkers in overweight patients with mild OSA.Methods and resultsPatients were randomized to supervised intensive lifestyle intervention group (N = 28) or to control group (N = 31), which received routine lifestyle advices. Circulating concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators were measured before and after the 1-year intervention. The concentrations of two pro-inflammatory mediators, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin (IL)-6, decreased significantly in both groups. Although the changes in inflammatory biomarkers favored the supervised lifestyle intervention, the only significant reduction observed between the groups was for the anti-inflammatory IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). The change in hsCRP was associated with apnea–hypopnea index, and improving night-time oxygen saturation was related to tumor necrosis factor alpha. IL-1RA and IL-6 were associated with insulin metabolism.ConclusionWeight loss resulted in reductions in concentrations of some pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in overweight patients with mild OSA, overall favoring the supervised lifestyle intervention. These findings suggest that more intensive treatment of obesity in OSA patients might be well-justified. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT00486746, June 7th 2007. 相似文献
52.
Juho-Antti Junno Markus Paananen Jaro Karppinen Tuija Tammelin Jaakko Niinimäki Eveliina Lammentausta Markku Niskanen Miika T. Nieminen Marjo-Riitta Järvelin Jani Takatalo Osmo Tervonen Juha Tuukkanen 《The spine journal》2013,13(2):184-189
Background contextReduced vertebral strength is a clear risk factor for vertebral fractures. Men and women with vertebral fractures often have reduced vertebral size and bone mineral density (BMD). Vertebral strength is controlled by both genetic and developmental factors. Malnutrition and low levels of physical activity are commonly considered to result in reduced bone size during growth. Several studies have also demonstrated the general relationship between BMD and physical activity in the appendicular skeleton.PurposeIn this study, we wanted to clarify the role of physical activity on vertebral bodies. Vertebral dimensions appear to generally be less pliant than long bones when lifetime changes occur. We wanted to explore the association between physical activity during late adolescence and vertebral strength parameters such as cross-sectional size and BMD.Study designThe association between physical activity and vertebral strength was explored by measuring vertebral strength parameters and defining the level of physical activity during adolescence.Patient sampleThe study population consisted of 6,928 males and females who, at 15 to 16 and 19 years of age, responded to a mailed questionnaire inquiring about their physical activity. A total of 558 individuals at the mean age of 21 years underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.MethodsWe measured the dimensions of the fourth lumbar vertebra from the MRI scans of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 and performed T2* relaxation time mapping, reflective of BMD. Vertebral strength was based on these two parameters. We analyzed the association of physical activity on vertebral strength using the analysis of variance.Results and conclusionsWe observed no association between the level of physical activity during late adolescence and vertebral strength at 21 years. 相似文献
53.
Leena Tuomiranta Pirkko Rautakoski Juha O. Rinne Nadine Martin Matti Laine 《Aphasiology》2013,27(8):1053-1073
Background: The study of novel word learning in aphasia can shed light on the functionality of patients' learning mechanisms and potentially help in treatment planning. Previous studies have indicated that persons with aphasia are able to learn some new vocabulary. However, these learning outcomes appear short-lived and evidence for the ability to use the newly learned words in the long term is lacking. Aims: Participants with aphasia and matched controls underwent short training where they were taught to name novel objects with novel names. We studied the participants' word learning and particularly their long-term maintenance. We also examined whether the language and verbal short-term memory impairments of the participants with aphasia related to their ability to acquire and maintain phonological and semantic information on novel words. Methods & Procedures: Two participants with nonfluent aphasia, LL and AR, and two matched controls took part in the experiment. They were taught to name 20 unfamiliar objects by repeating the names in the presence of the object picture. Half of the items carried a definition that was used to probe incidental semantic learning. There were four training sessions, a post-training test, and follow-up tests up to 6 months post-training. Learning measures included recognition of the trained objects, as well as spontaneous and cued recall in visual confrontation naming. Incidental semantic learning was measured by spontaneous recall of the definitions. Outcomes & Results: Combining spontaneous and phonologically cued responses, LL acquired 70% and AR 55% of the novel words. With phonological cueing, LL named 50% of the items correctly up to 6 months post-training (vs 95–100% for the controls) and AR 25% up to 8 weeks post-training. AR's lexical-semantic processing, pseudoword repetition and verbal short-term capacity were inferior to those of LL. In line with this, AR learned fewer words and showed more decline in recognition memory for the trained items, and weaker recall of the semantic definitions. Conclusions: Our results support previous findings that people with aphasia can learn to name novel items. More importantly, the results show for the first time that, with phonological cueing, an individual with aphasia can maintain some of this learning up to 6 months post-training. Moreover the results provide further evidence for the significance of the functional status of lexical-semantic processing on word learning success. 相似文献
54.
Eero Rissanen Jere R Virta Teemu Paavilainen Jouni Tuisku Semi Helin Pauliina Luoto Riitta Parkkola Juha O Rinne Laura Airas 《Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism》2013,33(9):1394-1401
In this study, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with a radioligand to adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR)—a potent regulator of inflammation—was used to gain insight into the molecular alterations in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and gray matter (GM) in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Normal-appearing white matter and GM, despite seeming normal in conventional mangnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are important loci of widespread inflammation, neuronal damage, and source of progressive disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Dynamic PET imaging using A2AR-specific [11C]TMSX and brain MRI with diffusion tensor imaging were performed to eight SPMS patients and seven healthy controls. Distribution volumes (VT) of [11C]TMSX were analyzed from 13 regions of interest using Logan plot with arterial plasma input. The SPMS patients had significantly increased [11C]TMSX-VT in NAWM compared with controls (mean (s.d.): 0.55 (±0.08) vs. 0.45 (±0.05); P=0.036). Both the increased VT and the decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in NAWM were associated with higher expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores (P=0.030 and P=0.012, respectively), whereas the T2-lesion load of SPMS patients did not correlate with EDSS. This study shows, that A2ARs are increased in the brain of SPMS patients, and that [11C]TMSX-PET provides a novel approach to learn about central nervous system pathology in SPMS in vivo. 相似文献
55.
Pekka Löppönen Sami Tetri Seppo Juvela Juha Huhtakangas Pertti Saloheimo Michaela K. Bode John Koivukangas Matti Hillbom 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2013
Background and Purpose
The role of surgery after primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is controversial. To explore whether hematoma evacuation after ICH had improved short-term survival or functional outcome we conducted a retrospective observational population-based study.Methods
We identified all subjects with primary ICH between 1993 and 2008 among the population of Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. Hematoma evacuation was carried out by using standard craniotomy or through a burr hole. We compared mortality rates and functional outcomes of patients with hematoma evacuation with those treated conservatively.Results
Of 982 patients with verified ICH during the study period, 127 (13%) underwent hematoma evacuation. Surgically treated patients were significantly younger (mean ± SD, 63 ± 11 vs. 70 ± 12 years; p < 0.001), had larger hematomas (66 ± 36 vs. 28 ± 40 ml; p < 0.001), lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores (median, 11 vs. 14; p < 0.001) and more frequently subcortical hematomas (68% vs. 24%; p < 0.001) than those treated conservatively. In multivariable analysis, hematoma evacuation independently lowered 3-month mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43–0.88; p < 0.03), particularly among patients aged ≤70 years with ≥30 ml supratentorial hematomas (adjusted HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.14–0.49; p < 0.001). However, poor outcome was not improved by surgery (adjusted odds ratio 0.71; 95% CI 0.29–1.70).Conclusions
Improved 3-month survival was observed in patients who had undergone hematoma evacuation relative to patients not undergoing evacuation particularly in the subgroup of patients aged ≤70 years with ≥30 ml supratentorial hematomas. Surgery might improve outcome if cases could be selected more precisely and if performed before deterioration. 相似文献56.
Liisa Kantojärvi Jouko Miettunen Juha Veijola Kristian Läksy Juha T. Karvonen Jesper Ekelund 《Nordic journal of psychiatry》2013,67(6):423-430
The objective of this study was to describe the temperament dimension profiles assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) among young adults with the DSM-III-R personality disorder (PD). Our hypothesis was that PD clusters and separate PDs can be distinguished from one another by their specific temperament profiles. As a part of the 31-year follow-up survey of the prospective Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, the cohort members living in the city of Oulu at the age of 31 years (n=1609) were invited to participate in a two-phase field study. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R for PDs (SCID–II) was used as diagnostic instrument. The final study sample consisted of the 1311 subjects who had completed the Hopkins Symptom Check List-25 questionnaire for screening and had given a written informed consent. Of the 321 SCID interviewed subjects, 74 met the criteria for at least one PD and had completed the TCI. The mean TCI scores of subjects with PD and control subjects without PD (n=910) were compared. Low Novelty Seeking, high Harm Avoidance and low Reward Dependence characterized cluster A and C PDs. Subjects with a cluster B PD did not differ from controls, except for Novelty Seeking, which was high. The temperament dimensions could not distinguish different PDs very well, with the only exception of persons with obsessive–compulsive PD. PD clusters were associated with different profiles of temperament, lending some support for Cloninger's typology. 相似文献
57.
58.
Kaisa Kurkijärvi Riikka Aaltonen Mika Gissler Juha Mäkinen 《International urogynecology journal》2016,27(7):1021-1027
Introduction and hypothesis
To estimate the incidence rates of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery among Finnish women from 1987 to 2009 by age, and to evaluate the trends in SUI surgery.Methods
We conducted a retrospective register-based study. All SUI procedures on adult women over age 18 years in Finland were identified from the nationwide Care Register for Health Care. Age-specific incidence rates per 1,000 women were calculated for each year. The cumulative incidence of SUI surgery was calculated.Results
There were 38,340 procedures for SUI in 1987–2009. The overall age-adjusted incidence rate increased 2.6-fold from 0.5/1,000 women in 1987 to 1.3/1,000 in 2002, but declined thereafter by 2009 to 0.8/1,000. There was a six-fold increase in the incidence rate in the age group 60–69 years and a ten-fold increase in the age group 70–79 years from 1987 to 2002. These marked increases in operation rates coincided with the increased use of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT). In 2002, TVT accounted for 96 % of all SUI procedures. Mid-urethral slings with transobturator techniques surpassed TVT in popularity in 2007. The life-long cumulative incidence of SUI surgery was 9.9 % in 2002 and 6.3 % in 2009.Conclusions
The incidence rates of SUI surgery increased significantly in Finland, especially among women aged 60 to 79 years. Mid-urethral slings have become the dominant procedure.59.
Juho Ala‐Myllymäki Juuso T.J. Honkanen Juha Töyräs Isaac O. Afara 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2016,34(2):270-278
This study investigates the correlation between the composition of human meniscus and its absorption spectrum in the visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) spectral range. Meniscus samples (n = 24) were obtained from nonarthritic knees of human cadavers with no history of joint diseases. Specimens (n = 72) were obtained from three distinct sections of the meniscus, namely; anterior, center, posterior. Absorption spectra were acquired from each specimen in the VIS and NIR spectral range (400–1,100 nm). Following spectroscopic probing, the specimens were subjected to biochemical analyses to determine the matrix composition, that is water, hydroxyproline, and uronic acid contents. Multivariate analytical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression, were then used to investigate the correlation between the matrix composition and it spectral response. Our results indicate that the optical absorption of meniscus matrix is related to its composition, and this relationship is optimal in the NIR spectral range (750–1,100 nm). High correlations (R2uronic = 86.9%, R2water = 83.8%, R2hydroxyproline = 81.7%, p < 0.0001) were obtained between the spectral predicted and measured meniscus composition, thus suggesting that spectral data in the NIR range can be utilized for estimating the matrix composition of human meniscus. In conclusion, optical spectroscopy, particularly in the NIR spectral range, is a potential method for evaluating the composition of human meniscus. This presents a promising technique for rapid and nondestructive evaluation of meniscus integrity in real‐time during arthroscopic surgery. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:270–278, 2016. 相似文献
60.
Miriam S. Nokia Sanna Lensu Juha P. Ahtiainen Petra P. Johansson Lauren G. Koch Steven L. Britton Heikki Kainulainen 《The Journal of physiology》2016,594(7):1855-1873
Key points
- Aerobic exercise, such as running, enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in rodents.
- Little is known about the effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIT) or of purely anaerobic resistance training on AHN.
- Here, compared with a sedentary lifestyle, we report a very modest effect of HIT and no effect of resistance training on AHN in adult male rats.
- We found the most AHN in rats that were selectively bred for an innately high response to aerobic exercise that also run voluntarily and increase maximal running capacity.
- Our results confirm that sustained aerobic exercise is key in improving AHN.
Abstract
Aerobic exercise, such as running, has positive effects on brain structure and function, such as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and learning. Whether high‐intensity interval training (HIT), referring to alternating short bouts of very intense anaerobic exercise with recovery periods, or anaerobic resistance training (RT) has similar effects on AHN is unclear. In addition, individual genetic variation in the overall response to physical exercise is likely to play a part in the effects of exercise on AHN but is less well studied. Recently, we developed polygenic rat models that gain differentially for running capacity in response to aerobic treadmill training. Here, we subjected these low‐response trainer (LRT) and high‐response trainer (HRT) adult male rats to various forms of physical exercise for 6–8 weeks and examined the effects on AHN. Compared with sedentary animals, the highest number of doublecortin‐positive hippocampal cells was observed in HRT rats that ran voluntarily on a running wheel, whereas HIT on the treadmill had a smaller, statistically non‐significant effect on AHN. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was elevated in both LRT and HRT rats that underwent endurance training on a treadmill compared with those that performed RT by climbing a vertical ladder with weights, despite their significant gain in strength. Furthermore, RT had no effect on proliferation (Ki67), maturation (doublecortin) or survival (bromodeoxyuridine) of new adult‐born hippocampal neurons in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Our results suggest that physical exercise promotes AHN most effectively if the exercise is aerobic and sustained, especially when accompanied by a heightened genetic predisposition for response to physical exercise.Abbreviations
- AHN
- adult hippocampal neurogenesis
- BDNF
- brain‐derived neurotrophic factor
- BrdU
- bromodeoxyuridine
- HIT
- high‐intensity interval training
- HRT
- high‐response trainer
- LRT
- low‐response trainer
- RW
- running wheel
- Sed
- sedentary
- TBS
- Tris‐buffered saline
- maximal oxygen uptake