电镜下的乙型肝炎表面抗原

本文对81例乙型肝炎病人的肝活检组织进行了电镜观察,发现HBsAg的阳性率达93.8％。电镜下,HBsAg细丝不仅有一般的管状细丝型,还有分枝管型和管泡型,而且CAH病人肝组织不易找到HBsAg丝(易见者仅9％),CPH,CLH则多数(79.5％)为易见及可见,二者有高度显著性差异(P<0.01)。     

Early alterations of rat intestinal diamine oxidase activity by azoxymethane,an intestinal carcinogen

Some mutagenic hydrazino compounds are also diamine oxidase inhibitors. Therefore, this interrelationship was studied for the intestinal carcinogen azoxymethane.In vitro, azoxymethane was a very weak inhibitor of rat intestinal diamine oxidase activity.In vivo, after subcutaneous injection of a single dose of azoxymethane, diamine oxidase activity was increased in the duodenum but was mainly inhibited in the colon. Intestinal diamine oxidase activity may then be influenced by regulatory processes induced by azoxymethane rather than by a direct effect.Supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Ku 464/2-2.     

The role of infection and vaccination in the genesis of optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis in children

This article describes the association between previous infection and/or vaccination and the development of optic neuritis (ON) in 18 children. Ten of these children subsequently developed clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS), while in 8 patients a clinically definite etiology could not be confirmed. Vaccination preceded the first ON attack in 6 patients, all but one of whom subsequently developed MS. It also preceded subsequent demyelinating events in 6 patients. Ten of the patients had a bacterial or viral infection within the 2 weeks prior to the first symptoms of ON. Intrathecal antibody synthesis against 2 or more viruses could be shown in 5 out of 8 patients studied; 5 out of 6 patients had oligoclonal antibodies in CSF and 12 out of 16 patients a high IgG index. Neither intrathecal antibody synthesis against 2 or more viruses nor elevated IgG indexes could be found in the control patients. Measles and mumps occurred at a significantly later age in the children who subsequently developed MS than in the control children, and these patients had significantly more events that might have impaired the blood-brain barrier than the controls. These results indicate that immunological events leading to MS may be triggered during childhood. Vaccination and infection often precede ON in childhood. Intrathecal viral antibody production can occur already in childhood at the time of the first symptoms of MS.     

The effect of increasing the dietary fibre content of diets of patients with chronic renal failure treated by haemodialysis at home

The study described tested the hypothesis that increasing amounts of dietary fibre (DF) in the diet of patients on haemodialysis (HD) may achieve positive clinical benefit without adversely affecting serum potassium and plasma phosphate. The current diet of 20 home HD patients was supplemented with 15g unprocessed wheat bran incorporated into three 'bran muffins' eaten daily for a trial period of 28 days. During this period patients reported an improvement in bowel habit. Serum potassium decreased slightly but not significantly ( P =0.242) but there was a significant rise in plasma phosphate ( P =0.004). These findings suggest that when increasing DF in devising HD dietary regimes, plasma phosphate is possibly the more sensitive biochemical variable following introduction of wheat bran.     

Enucleation combined with orbital implants for malignant melanoma of the uvea

Advanced malignant melanomas of the uvea unsuited for an eye salvaging approach require enucleation of the tumor containing eye. A series of 68 patients is reported who underwent enucleation combined with insertion of a spherical dura-encased implant after 30 Gray pre-irridiation therapy of the orbit. Postoperative results with special attention to cosmetic outcome and motility of the prosthesis suggest that the insertion of an orbital implant should be preferred to the enucleation with no implant.     

Clinical and therapeutic studies in mesangial immunoglobulin a glomerulonephritis

A long-term clinical and therapeutic study was performed in 47 patients with mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis. The male to female ratio was 2.9∶1. An episode of gross haematuria or the incidental discovery of asymptomatic microscopic haematuria with associated mild proteinuria heralded the apparent onset of renal disease. At the onset of observation 18 patients (38.2%) had high blood pressure. Other 17 patients developed hypertension during observation. Anaemia was uncommon. No essential abnormalities in serum protein and lipid patterns were found. Twenty-nine patients (61.6%) had higher levels of serum immunoglobulins—most frequently of IgA (42.5%). Twenty-two patients had low serum C₃ levels (46.8%). The percentage of patients with renal failure increased from 21.2 to 36.1 during observation. Male sex, hypertension, proteinuria higher than 2 g/24 h, elevated ESR, high serum IgA levels, longer duration of the disease and older age of patients suggest an unfavourable outcome. Long-term treatment with a combination of azathioprine/acenocumarol, or indomethacin, or levamisole has no effect on the clinical manifestation and evolution.