H7N9禽流感病毒疫苗及其预防控制

<正>禽流感病毒有6个内部基因来自于H9N2,部分血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)和神经氨酸酶(neuramidinase,NA)基因源自H7N3和H1N9。禽流感病毒能够感染人类,可能与HA和NA基因发生了Q226L和E627K关键位点突变有关,这两个突变被认为是病毒适应人类气道上皮的表现。此外,H7N9具有哺乳动物流感病毒的特性,如HA蛋     

口腔专科医院医务人员手卫生依从性干预效果

目的提高口腔专科医院医务人员的手卫生依从性,有效降低医院感染率。方法依照世界卫生组织推荐的《手卫生指南》及《手卫生实施方案》,制订系统、循序渐进的口腔专科医院手卫生促进方案,分5个步骤进行:全院戒备、基线调查、实施改进、跟踪调查和回顾分析。对比手卫生促进活动前后医务人员的手卫生依从性。结果通过手卫生促进活动,医务人员手卫生知识问卷调查平均得分由之前的58.33分提高至77.40分,提升了32.69%;平均手卫生依从率由24.28%(59/243)上升至49.81%(133/267),差异有统计学意义(χ2=35.331,P=0.000);5个手卫生时刻的手卫生状况也有较大改善。结论手卫生促进活动对口腔专科医院医务人员的手卫生依从性有显著影响。     

法尼醇X受体与糖脂代谢

法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)属于核受体超家族,研究证明FXR可调控多种代谢通路,除在胆汁酸代谢中发挥重要作用外,FXR激活后参与维持机体糖脂代谢稳态。随着糖脂代谢异常相关疾病发病率的升高,FXR对糖脂代谢的调节越来越引起研究者的重视。FXR激动剂可能成为治疗2型糖尿病和脂代谢紊乱等代谢性疾病的新型药物靶点。     

Combined systems pharmacology and fecal metabonomics to study the biomarkers and therapeutic mechanism of type 2 diabetic nephropathy treated with Astragalus and Leech

In our study, systems pharmacology was used to predict the molecular targets of Astragalus and Leech, and explore the therapeutic mechanism of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) treated with Astragalus and Leech. Simultaneously, to reveal the systemic metabolic changes and biomarkers associated with T2DN, we performed ¹H NMR-based metabonomics and multivariate analysis to analyze fecal samples obtained from model T2DN rats. In addition, ELISA kits and histopathological studies were used to examine biochemical parameters and kidney tissue, respectively. Striking differences in the Pearson''s correlation of 22 biomarkers and 9 biochemical parameters were also observed among control, T2DN and treated rats. Results of systems pharmacology analysis revealed that 9 active compounds (3,9-di-O-methylnissolin; (6aR,11aR)-9,10-dimethoxy-6a,11a-dihydro-6H-benzofurano[3,2-c]chromen-3-ol; hirudin; l-isoleucine; phenylalanine; valine; hirudinoidine A–C) and 9 target proteins (l-serine dehydratase; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase; tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase; branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase; acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase; isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component alpha subunit; hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase) of Astragalus and Leech were closely associated with the treatment of T2DN. Using fecal metabonomics analysis, 22 biomarkers were eventually found to be closely associated with the occurrence of T2DN. Combined with systems pharmacology and fecal metabonomics, these biomarkers were found to be mainly associated with 6 pathways, involving amino acid metabolism (leucine, valine, isoleucine, alanine, lysine, glutamate, taurine, phenylalanine, tryptophan); energy metabolism (lactate, succinate, creatinine, α-glucose, glycerol); ketone body and fatty acid metabolism (3-hydroxybutyrate, acetate, n-butyrate, propionate); methylamine metabolism (dimethylamine, trimethylamine); and secondary bile acid metabolism and urea cycle (deoxycholate, citrulline). The underlying mechanisms of action included protection of the liver and kidney, enhancement of insulin sensitivity and antioxidant activity, and improvement of mitochondrial function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that systems pharmacology combined with fecal metabonomics has been used to study T2DN. 6 metabolites (n-butyrate, deoxycholate, propionate, tryptophan, taurine and glycerol) associated with T2DN were newly discovered in fecal samples. These 6 metabolites were mainly derived from the intestinal flora, and related to amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and secondary bile acid metabolism. We hope the results of this study could be inspirational and helpful for further exploration of T2DN treatment. Meanwhile, our results highlighted that exploring the biomarkers of T2DN and therapeutic mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulas on T2DN by combining systems pharmacology and fecal metabonomics methods was a promising strategy.

In our study, systems pharmacology was used to predict the molecular targets of Astragalus and Leech, and explore the therapeutic mechanism of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) treated with Astragalus and Leech.     

食品药品检验系统质量管理岗位分级模式调研与分析

目的：在食品药品检验机构科室内部设立质量管理员,利用质量管理员的在线监督,保证检验科室全部要素始终处于正确、有效的状态,弥补所级质管部门在持续覆盖全面质量管理和监督工作内容方面的局限性,促进实验室质量管理体系的有效运行。方法：通过设计调查表及调查结果的统计,充分了解检验一线对质量管理员的岗位职责需求。结果与结论：明确科室质量管理员的岗位职责、工作重点、检查频次及人员条件,是质量管理岗位分级模式运行方案的基础。质量管理分级模式的试运行,是一次由内而外的质量改变,不仅将检验一线希望重点关注和提升检验质量的想法付诸行动,而且已初显成效。     

盐酸哌唑嗪片质量标准改进研究

目的:改进盐酸哌唑嗪片现行质量标准,使检测结果更准确,操作更环保。方法:建立反相高效液相色谱法测定盐酸哌唑嗪片的含量、含量均匀度和有关物质。采用Waters Sunfire C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲液(磷酸二氢钾1.36 g,加水溶解并稀释制成1000 m L,加三乙胺4 m L,用磷酸调节p H值至4.5)(40∶60),流速:1 m L·min-1,检测波长:245 nm,柱温:35℃,进样体积:10μL。结果:盐酸哌唑嗪在4.910~49.10μg·m L-1范围内线性关系良好(r=1.000,n=6);平均回收率为99.50%,RSD=0.70%。结论:本方法经方法学验证,可用于盐酸哌唑嗪片含量、含量均匀度测定和有关物质检查。     

基于QALY的超说明书用药风险管理

本文旨在规范超说明书用药行为,更加合理、客观地评价超说明书用药行为。运用药物经济学理论,引入QALY模型,对超说明书用药行为进行风险管理。可通过风险强度和风险发生概率两个指标计算出药品的预期风险值,从而对超说明书用药行为进行风险分级,为临床超说明书用药行为的合理抉择提供依据。     

复方枸橼酸喷托维林颗粒中枸橼酸喷托维林的含量测定

目的建立HPLC法测定复方枸橼酸喷托维林颗粒中枸橼酸喷托维林的含量。方法色谱柱为十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为1 mL·L-1三乙胺溶液(pH3.0)-甲醇(45∶55);检测波长215nm;柱温35℃;流速1.0mL·min-1。结果枸橼酸喷托维林在0.04~2.0mg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),定量限为4μg·mL-1,高、中、低3种质量浓度的平均回收率为100.2%(RSD=0.78%)。结论该方法简便、准确、专属性好,能有效控制复方枸橼酸喷托维林颗粒中枸橼酸喷托维林的含量。     

Myocardial involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a multi-center cross-sectional study in the CRDC-MYO Registry

Clinical Rheumatology - This study aimed to investigate the associated factors of myocardial involvements (MIs) in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). In this multi-center...