浅谈乳腺叶状囊肉瘤与乳腺纤维腺瘤超声影像的相关性及临床意义

乳腺纤维腺瘤发病率在乳腺良性肿瘤中居首位,而乳腺叶状囊肉瘤在临床恶性病变中也并不罕见,有的学者报道与乳腺癌之比可达1∶20.国内有些学者认为,叶状囊肉瘤虽然可以由纤维腺瘤经肉瘤变而成,但是也可能开始时就是肉瘤.本文通过对32例经手术病理证实的病例进行回顾分析,以探讨二者超声影像的相关性及临床意义.     

甲睾酮对小鼠生殖系统发育及生精功能的影响

目的 探讨甲睾酮对雄性小鼠精子的产生及生殖器官的影响.方法 将48只昆明小白鼠随机分为4组,每组12只,每天分别向各组灌胃甲睾酮16 mg/kg,32 mg/kg,64 mg/kg 和等量蒸馏水(对照组),连续10 d.结果 与对照组比较,甲睾酮16 mg/kg组精子活率最高为66.22%(P<0.05);甲睾酮64mg/kg组睾丸指数、精子畸形率、精子密度都极显著和显著地升高(P<0.01和P<0.05),且睾丸组织有较明显的病理学损伤.结论 适量甲睾酮能提高精子活率,大剂量使精子活率降低且畸形率升高.     

使用便携式微量输液泵持续输注氟尿嘧啶的临床观察及护理

目的：探讨使用便携式微量输液泵在肿瘤化疗中持续输注氟尿嘧啶的应用效果。方法：选取我科2006年3月-2008年7月96例癌症化疗病人按入院先后顺序分为对照组和实验组,每组48例。对照组采用传统的化疗方式,采用浅静脉留置针直接从外周静脉输注氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）连续5天,每天维持6-8小时。实验组采用浅静脉留置针连接便携式微量输液泵持续泵入氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）120h～135h,两组均以21天为1个周期,观察两组病人化疗毒副反应发生情况。结果：实验组化疗毒副反应发生率明显低于对照组,平均住院时间明显缩短,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：使用便携式微量输液泵持续泵入氟尿嘧啶能减轻病人的毒副反应,缩短住院时间,提高肿瘤病人生活质量,有效减轻护士的工作负担。     

Lipid extract from completely sporoderm‐broken germinating Ganoderma sinensis spores elicits potent antitumor immune responses in human macrophages

Ganoderma sinensis has been used widely in Oriental countries for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancer. Previous studies have shown that the lipid extract from Ganoderma exhibits direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Here, it is reported that the lipid extract from germinating G. sinensis spores, at lower concentrations that have no direct tumoricidal activity, induce potent antitumor immune responses in human monocytes/macrophages. Upon stimulation with the lipid extract, monocytes/macrophages exhibited markedly increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and surface expression of costimulatory molecules. Conditioned medium from stimulated cells effectively suppressed the growth of tumor cells. Apparently, the lipid extract triggered macrophage activation via a mechanism different from that associated with LPS. Moreover, it was observed that the lipid extract could partially re‐establish the antitumor activity of the immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages. These results indicated that in addition to its direct tumoricidal activity, the lipid extract from G. sinensis spores could exert antitumor activity by stimulating the activation of human monocytes/macrophages. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中医药对外教育新模式的构建及探索

教育全球化进程的加速,给中医对外教育的发展带来机遇和挑战,构建和探索中医对外教育新模式势在必行,以进一步拓展中医药对外教育和推进中医药走向世界。     

Central metabotropic glutamate receptors differentially participate in interleukin-1beta-induced mechanical allodynia in the orofacial area of conscious rats.

The present study investigated the role of central metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced mechanical allodynia and mirror-image mechanical allodynia in the orofacial area. Experiments were carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230 to 280 g. After administration of 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 pg of IL-1beta into a subcutaneous area of the vibrissa pad, we examined the withdrawal behavioral responses produced by 10 successive trials of an air-puff ramp pressure applied ipsilaterally or contralaterally to the IL-1beta injection site. Subcutaneous injection of IL-1beta produced mechanical allodynia and mirror-image mechanical allodynia in the orofacial area. Intracisternal administration of CPCCOEt, a mGluR1 antagonist, or MPEP, a mGluR5 antagonist, reduced IL-1beta-induced mechanical allodynia and mirror-image mechanical allodynia. Intracisternal administration of APDC, a group II mGluR agonist, or L-AP4, a group III mGluR agonist, reduced both IL-1beta-induced mechanical allodynia and mirror-image mechanical allodynia. The antiallodynic effect, induced by APDC or L-AP4, was blocked by intracisternal pretreatment with LY341495, a group II mGluR antagonist, or CPPG, a group III mGluR antagonist. These results suggest that groups I, II, and III mGluRs differentially modulated IL-1beta-induced mechanical allodynia, as well as mirror-image mechanical allodynia, in the orofacial area. PERSPECTIVE: Central group I mGluR antagonists and groups II and III mGluR agonists modulate IL-1beta-induced mechanical allodynia and mirror-image mechanical allodynia in the orofacial area. Therefore, the central application of group I mGluR antagonists or groups II and III mGluR agonists might be of therapeutic value in treating pain disorder.     

洛沙坦对肥胖Zucker大鼠肾组织环氧化酶2表达的影响

目的 探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)1型受体拮抗剂(ARB)洛沙坦对代谢综合征(MS)肾组织环氧化酶2(COX-2)表达的影响及其机制。 方法 把7周大的MS模型肥胖Zucker大鼠随机分成洛沙坦处理组和未处理组，以瘦Zucker大鼠为对照组，连续给药4个月后观察肾组织内COX-2的表达。另外，用AngⅡ刺激6 h的系膜细胞和用从微型渗透泵灌注AngⅡ 5 d的C57BL/6小鼠肾脏提取的肾皮质，观察COX-2的表达。采用RT-PCR和Western印迹法分别检测COX-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达。 结果 洛沙坦可阻止肥胖Zucker大鼠肾组织内COX-2表达增加。AngⅡ直接刺激可以诱导系膜细胞和肾组织内COX-2表达增加。 结论 AngⅡ可以调控MS肾组织内COX-2表达增加。ARB可以通过抑制COX-2的表达保护MS肾脏，这对应用非COX-2抑制剂来保护MS肾脏具有重要的意义。     

喉癌患者术后的适应性研究

喉癌是头颈部最常见的恶性肿瘤,目前手术仍是治疗喉癌的主要手段.通过对喉癌术后患者的适应状态、适应测量及影响适应的因素进行综述,提出对喉癌术后适应干预的研究应该针对患者的年龄与性别、个性特征提供不同的应对、治疗方式、术后时间、社会支持和信息等方面知识.     

免疫荧光检测人乳头状瘤病毒新技术

利用过氧化氢的氧化作用参与抗原抗体反应,使细胞的膜通透性增强,利于荧光标记抗体染液渗入,从而更快速、广泛地接触抗原,更有效的抗原抗体的嵌合交联。新技术的应用,增强了染色效果,缩短了实验时间,简化了操作,提高了阳性检出率,使实验准确性提高,为临床确诊、疗效观察及预后提供了可靠依据。     

性别对骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后康复效果的影响

目的 探讨性别因素对接受人工全膝关节表面置换术的膝骨关节炎患者术后功能的影响. 方法 前瞻性研究了 2003年 3月～ 2005年 8月期间行单侧人工全膝关节表面置换术(均使用不保留后交叉韧带后稳定型固定平台假体)的 40例 (40髋 )膝关节骨关节炎患者,男女各 20例( 20膝),对其相关的临床因素用 t检验和χ 2检验进行分析. 结果平均年龄:男 72.6岁、女 70.8岁;病程:男 10.4年、女 9.7年;体重指数:男 26、女 26;术后平均住院时间:男 17 d、女 18 d;止血带使用时间:男 104 min、女 94 min;引流量:男 806 mL、女 742 mL;术前、术后 1周、 2周和 1年的膝关节伸屈度数男分别为 7.0°～ 114.0°、 3.0°～ 91.0°、 0.4°～ 103.0°和 0～ 125.0°,女分别为 8.0°～ 111.0°、 2.0°～ 86.0°、 1.0°～ 98.0°和 0～ 122.0°;术前、术后 1周、 2周和 1年的膝关节活动度:男分别为 108°、 89°、 109°和 123°,女分别为 104°、 87°、 101°和 126°;术前和术后 1年的 HSS评分:男分别为 57、 89分,女分别为 53、 87分.两性别组各时间点的伸屈度数、活动范围及术前和术后 1年的 HSS评分差异无统计学意义 (P >0.05);而同一患者术前和术后 1年的伸屈度数及 HSS评分则差异有统计学意义 (P >0.05). 结论 性别对行全膝关节置换的骨关节炎患者术后功能无明显影响,全膝关节置换能有效缓解骨关节炎相关的疼痛并改善膝关节的功能.