颞叶癫痫诊断与治疗：从金标准到临床实践

癫痫是神经科的常见病和多发病,我国约有9×106例癫痫患者,其中6×106例为活动性患者,目前每年约有400×103例新发病例。癫痫给患者及其家庭带来较为严重的不良影响,据文献报道,在发达国家经规范合理的抗癫痫药物（AEDs）治疗后,有70%-80%的患者可有效控制发作,真正的难治性癫痫仅约占20%。然而,在我国这样的发展中国家,由于人们对癫痫的认识存在误区和医疗资源的分布相对不均匀,大多数患者未能及时得到明确诊断和有效治疗,使我国难治性癫痫,尤其是颞叶癫痫发生率明显高于发达国家。     

发作性左上肢麻木 无力 头痛

<正>病历摘要患者男性,46岁。主因发作性左上肢麻木、无力6个月,发作性头痛2月余,于2013年8月16日入院。患者6个月前(2013年2月)无明显诱因出现发作性左上肢麻木、无力,每次发作持续数分钟,共发作10次,未予处理。2个月前(2013年5月27日)出现右眼黑影伴右侧头部闷痛,约4 h后出现左上肢麻木、无力,持续12 h后自行缓解,尺侧两手指轻度麻木。病程中无复视,无视力、视野改变。至当地医院就诊(2013年6月),体格检查神志清楚,语言流利,神经系统检查未见阳性体征。头部MRI检查显示,右侧额顶叶交界区、中央前回,左侧颞叶、半卵圆中心和脑桥异常信号,增强后病灶呈多发斑片状或结节样强化(图1)。全身PET显像提示颅内多发混杂密度影,伴部分病变局灶性18F-FDG代谢升高,不排除恶性病变;右肺中叶少许条索状影,前纵隔密度略升高,余未见明显异常。实验室检查血清肿瘤标志物阴性,未予治     

我国腹腔镜D2 淋巴结清扫术联合远端胃癌切除术治疗进展期远端胃癌安全性和疗效的系统评价

目的 系统评价我国腹腔镜D2淋巴结清扫术联合远端胃癌切除术治疗进展期远端胃癌的有效性和安全性。方法 计算机检索PubMed数据库、Cochrane图书馆、中国科学引文数据库（China science citation database,CSCD）、万方数据库（Wanfang）、中文科技期刊数据库（China science and technology journal database,CSTJ）、中国生物医学文献数据库（China biomedical literature database,CBM）和中国学术期刊网络出版总库（China academic journal network publishing database,CAJD）数据库,检索时限均从建库至2013年6月。采用Review Manager 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入了7个临床随机对照试验,共548例进展期胃癌患者。Meta分析结果显示：与传统开放式远端胃癌切除术（CODG）相比,腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌切除术 （LADG）的术中出血量少（MD =-94.02,95% CI：-140.96～-47.07）、术后住院时间短（MD =-3.66,95% CI：-5.76～-1.57）、术后下床活动时间早（MD =-1.95,95% CI：-2.74～-1.17）、肛门排气时间早（MD =-1.67,95% CI：-2.05～-1.30）、总并发症发生率低（OR=0.26,95% CI：0.14～0.51）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.050）,但LADG组的手术时间长于CODG组（MD =35.01,95% CI：10.41～59.61,P=0.005）。2组间淋巴结清扫数量比较差异无统计学意义 （MD =-0.24,95% CI：-0.99～0.51,P=0.530）。结论 LADG的近期疗效及安全性均优于传统CODG,但其手术时间长,远期疗效尚需进一步探究。     

中-重度压力性尿失禁仿生物理治疗与TVT-O手术疗效的对比研究

目的探讨仿生物理治疗及无张力经闭孔阴道吊带术(tension-free vaginal tape obturator technique,TVT-O)治疗压力性尿失禁的疗效,并行对比分析。方法选取确诊为中-重度压力性尿失禁的患者108例为研究对象,根据患者意愿分为非手术组及手术组,非手术组54例,应用Phenix USB4盆底功能治疗仪进行系统仿生物理治疗3疗程,行疗效分析;手术组54例,实施TVT-O术,行疗效分析。结果非手术组1个疗程仿生物理治疗后评估,44例有效,有效率81.48%,入组成员继续坚持2疗程仿生物理治疗,疗程结束后1年复查,52例有效,其中46例治愈,1年有效率96.30%,治愈率85.19%;手术组术后即时评估,50例有效,有效率92.59%,术后1年复查,49例有效,其中47例治愈,术后1年有效率90.74%,治愈率87.04%。非手术组治疗1疗程有效率显著低于TVT-O术后即时疗效,差异有统计学意义,P0.05;但两组治疗后1年有效率及治愈率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),且手术组患者出现了围手术期相关并发症及远期并发症。结论 SUI的仿生物理治疗是一项有效的保守治疗方法,能有效缓解症状甚至治愈,预防病情进一步加重,对于中-重度压力性尿失禁患者而言,其远期治疗效果与手术治疗效果相当,但能有效避免手术并发症,值得在临床广泛推广。     

人骨唾液蛋白非融合荧光蛋白载体的构建及在乳腺癌细胞中的表达

背景：人骨唾液蛋白基因在矿化组织以外的易发生骨转移的人乳腺癌中表达。临床观察显示骨转移处的乳腺癌细胞骨唾液蛋白的表达量要高于原发部位的乳腺癌细胞，因此骨唾液蛋白有可能与肿瘤特异性骨转移的关系密切。研究乳腺癌骨转移可为将来临床的预防和治疗提供新的药物靶点。目的：建立骨唾液蛋白的稳定表达乳腺癌细胞系，观察骨唾液蛋白在乳腺癌骨转移的整个过程中的作用。设计：对照实验。单位：华南理工大学生物科学与工程学院，解放军广州军区广州总医院医学实验中心。材料：实验于2003-11／2004-03在解放军广州军区广州总医院医学实验室完成。质粒、菌种和细胞：pIRES2-EGFP载体质粒，E．Coli．Top10、含有人骨唾液蛋白基因全长的克隆载体pB-hBSP和发生特异性骨转移以及脑转移的人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231BO和MDA-MB-23lBR。方法：将人骨唾液蛋白基因通过聚合酶链式反应的方法从构建好的pB-hBSP载体中亚克隆出来，在其5’和3’端分别引入BglⅡ和PsiⅠ限制性酶切位点，定向克隆至真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP，构建重组载体pIRES2-hBSP-EGFP。利用脂质体转染的方法将构建好的重组质粒转入特异性脑转移和骨转移的乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231BR和MDA-MB-231BO中。主要观察指标：pIRES2-hBSP-EGFP重组表达载体的构建。重组表达载体pIRES2-hBSP-EGFP转染乳腺癌细胞。结果：①成功构建人骨唾液蛋白和绿色荧光蛋白非融合表达的真核表达载体pIRES2-hBSP-EGFP。②成功转染特异骨转移和脑转移的乳腺癌细胞株，可在荧光显微镜下观察到荧光蛋白标记，人骨唾液蛋白得到相应表达。结论：真核表达载体pIRES2-hBSP-EGFP的构建及转染可为骨唾液蛋白在乳腺癌骨转移中的作用的体内、外研究奠定一定的基础。     

Serum SPARC and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Metalloproteinase-9 Concentrations after Bariatric Surgery in Obese Adults

Background

Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of adipose tissue is regarded as part of the pathophysiology of obesity. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) was the first ECM protein described in adipose tissue. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) also play a role in ECM remodeling, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 may be associated with abnormal ECM metabolism. Here, we investigated changes in serum SPARC, MMP-2, and MMP-9 concentrations after bariatric surgery in obese adults.

Methods

We recruited 34 obese patients who were scheduled to undergo bariatric surgery for weight loss. We analyzed changes in serum SPARC, MMP-2, and MMP-9 concentrations before and 9 months after bariatric surgery and any associations between changes in SPARC, MMP-2, and MMP-9 concentrations and obesity-related parameters.

Results

Serum leptin levels significantly decreased, and the serum adiponectin level significantly increased after bariatric surgery. The serum SPARC concentration decreased significantly from 165.0?±?18.2 to 68.7?±?6.7 ng/mL (p?<?0.001), and the MMP-2 concentration also decreased significantly from 262.2?±?15.2 to 235.9?±?10.5 ng/mL (p?<?0.001). Changes in the serum SPARC concentration were significantly correlated with HOMA-IR changes, and changes in the serum MMP-9 concentration were found to inversely correlate with serum adiponectin changes.

Conclusion

These findings show that significant decreases in serum SPARC and MMP-2 concentrations occur after bariatric surgery. Our results thus suggest that weight loss via bariatric surgery could alter the ECM environment, and that these changes are related to certain metabolic changes.     

改良PPH结合梭形小切口治疗静脉曲张性混合痔的疗效观察

为探讨改良PPH结合梭形小切口治疗静脉曲张性混合痔的临床疗效,回顾性分析应用改良PPH结合梭形小切口冶疗100例静脉曲张性混合痔的临床资料。结果显示,手术时间为25～35min,平均30min;术后住院时间4～7d,平均5d。随访0．5～2年,均无复发,无肛门失禁、直肠吻合VI狭窄及直肠阴道瘘等后遗症,肛门外观平整。结果表明,该手术治疗静脉曲张性混合痔具有患者住院时间短,疼痛轻,并发症少等优点。     

Bacteria detected after instrumentation surgery for pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis in a canine model

Objective

This study was designed to identify the presence, type and origin of bacteria adjacent to the metal implant in the infected region in a canine model of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis treated with single-stage anterior autogenous bone grafting and instrumentation.

Methods

Dogs with pyogenic spondylodiscitis underwent one-stage debridement, autogenous bone grafting and titanium plate instrumentation and perioperative antibiotic therapy. The implants and adjacent vertebral bones were removed surgically at various postoperative time points (4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks) for bacteria detection. Bacteria were detected from retrieved spinal implants as well as surrounding bones by culture and/or pyrosequencing methods in 17 (85 %) of all 20 animals. The positive rate for bacteria presence was 45 % by culture and 80 % by pyrosequencing method.

Results

Radiological or macroscopic examination showed no signs for infection recurrence in any animal regardless of bacteria presence at the surgical site. However, organism identical with the causative bacterium for spinal infection was found in only two of nine culture-positive animals.

Conclusion

Within the confines of the study, the use of metallic implants in an infected area did not lead to a clinically relevant infection although bacteria may exist at the surgical site. The use of metallic implants in an infected area of the spine is safe. The metallic implants may not be the “culprit” for the persistence or recurrence of infection.     

Middle-aged women's awareness of cholesterol as a risk factor: Results from a national survey of Korean Middle-aged Women's Health Awareness (KomWHA) study

Background

Dyslipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is more prevalent in middle-aged women than in men of the same age in Korea. This study, the first national survey that focused on cholesterol in Korean women, aimed to: (1) assess their awareness and knowledge of cholesterol, (2) evaluate their risk reduction behavior, and (3) examine differences in these variables among geographical regions in Korea.

Methods

A questionnaire survey study was conducted in a randomly selected national sample of 1304 Korean women, aged 40-64 years in 3 geographic regions.

Results

High cholesterol was identified as a cause of CVD by 54.4% of respondents, however, 95.4% did not know their own values. Only 4.1% of respondents were aware of desirable level of total cholesterol. Eight percent of respondents perceived correctly the meaning of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as good cholesterol. And 32.9% had cholesterol check at least once a year. No significant regional differences were found in women's awareness and knowledge on cholesterol. No smoking (93.6%), low salt diet (52.5%) and weight management (50.6%) were the most prevalent risk reduction behaviors. Women in the rural area performed less risk reduction behaviors than those in urban area.

Conclusions

Given the low level of awareness and knowledge about cholesterol in these women, nurses need to increase their education about cholesterol and risk reduction behaviors of CVD for middle-aged Korean women, particularly those in rural area. To resolve identified disparities in women's risk reduction behaviors between the rural and urban area, a national-level health policy can result in a successful effort to promote women's awareness of cholesterol and risk reduction behaviors for the cardiovascular health of the public.     

Solid lipid nanoparticles for enhancing vinpocetine's oral bioavailability.

An ultrasonic-solvent emulsification technique was adopted to prepare vinpocetine loaded Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) nanodispersions with narrow size distribution. To increase the lipid load the process was conducted at 50 degrees C, and in order to prepare nanoparticle using an ultrasonic-solvent emulsification technique. The mean particle size and droplet size distribution, drug loading capacity, drug entrapment efficiency (EE%), zeta potential, and long-term physical stability of the SLNs were investigated in detail respectively. Drug release from two sorts of VIN-SLN was studied using a dialysis bag method. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in male rats after oral administration of 10 mg kg(-1) VIN in different formulations, it was found that the relative bioavailability of VIN in SLNs was significantly increased compared with that of the VIN solution. The amount of surfactant also had a marked effect on the oral absorption of VIN with SLN formulations. The absorption mechanism of the SLN formulations was also discussed. These results indicated that VIN absorption is enhanced significantly by employing SLN formulations. SLNs offer a new approach to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.