肠内营养支持在食管癌围手术期中的应用效果

【摘要】 目的 探析肠内营养支持在食管癌围手术期中的应用效果。方法 选择2017年12月～2018年10月在我院接受手术治疗的84例食管癌患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各42例。对照组术后行肠外营养支持,观察组术后行肠内营养支持,比较两组患者的营养指标、免疫功能以及术后康复状况。结果 术后第1d,两组患者的转铁蛋白(IF)、血清白蛋白(ALF)、血清总蛋白(TP)以及体质量指数(BMI)比较均无显著性的差异（P＞0.05）;术后第8d,观察组的上述营养指标均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,且观察组术后第8d的CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、IgA、IgM、IgG水平均明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组术后并发症发生率较对照组低,住院时间较对照组明显缩短（P＜0.05）。 结论 对食管癌围手术期患者实施肠内营养支持能够有效改善其营养状况,提高机体免疫力,有利于促进患者术后康复,可在临床推广应用。     

ARMD与转铁蛋白受体基因单核苷酸多态性相关性研究

目的：探讨中国东北地区汉族人群中年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)与转铁蛋白受体2(TFR2)基因单核苷酸多态性的相关性。

方法：选取200例ARMD患者(干性100例,湿性100例)和100名健康志愿者(对照组),采集所有研究对象的外周静脉血并以EDTA抗凝处理,提取基因组DNA,根据相关文献提供的引物序列,扩增TFR2基因多态性位点rs2075674,进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)。比较各组间的基因型频率,并按照Hardy-Weinberg平衡原理确定样本的群体代表性。

结果：TFR2基因的多态性位点rs2075674 ARMD组与对照组比较有差异(χ²=6.494,P=0.011); 湿性ARMD组与对照组比较有差异(χ²=11.054,P=0.001),而干性ARMD组与对照组无差异(χ²=1.418,P=0.234)。

结论：中国东北地区汉族人群中TFR2基因多态性rs2075674与ARMD具有相关性,且与湿性ARMD相关性较大。     

两种鼻黏膜切口在鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术中的应用

目的：比较两种鼻黏膜切口在鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术中出血情况和术后治疗效果。

方法：回顾性研究。收集2016-06/2018-05在我院眼科确诊为慢性泪囊炎并接受鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合手术治疗的患者63例66眼。根据鼻黏膜瓣基底部位的不同分组,A组以中鼻甲腋为基底的鼻腔黏膜切口行泪囊鼻腔吻合术,B组以上颌骨线为基底的鼻腔黏膜切口行泪囊鼻腔吻合术。随访至术后6mo,比较两组患者术中出血和术后疗效。

结果：两组患者术中出血情况有差异(χ²=11.803,P<0.05),术后有效率比较无差异(82% vs 73%,P>0.05)。

结论：以中鼻甲腋为基底部的鼻腔黏膜切口,术中并发出血较多; 而以上颌骨线为基底的鼻腔黏膜切口,术中出血较少。两组患者术后疗效无差异。     

Peters异常PITX2及PAX6基因型表型分析

目的：分析中国人Peters异常(PA)患者的临床特征,研究Peters异常患者PITX2及PAX6基因变异情况。

方法：选取2016/2019年在常州市第二人民医院及第三人民医院眼科就诊的15例Peters异常患者,并收集详细的相关临床资料。征得患者及其家系成员的同意后抽血制备基因组DNA,用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对致病基因PITX2及PAX6的编码区及其临接内含子进行扩增后,直接测序筛查中国人群Peters异常患者PITX2及PAX6基因变异,异源双链-单链构象多态性分析(HA-SSCP)的方法对突变患者及其家系成员及80例正常对照进行验证; 分析比较国内已报道的Peters异常患者PITX2及PAX6基因突变并研究其相关表型。

结果：Peters异常患者15例PITX2基因突变筛查结果发现了1种新PITX2的突变c.296delG(P.R99fsx56),导致该基因的功能异常,分析突变患者临床特征,该患者右眼诊断为Axenfeld-Rieger综合征(ARS),左眼诊断为Peters异常。而家系成员中该患者父母及无亲缘关系的正常对照者均未发现相同突变,故此突变为新生突变。PAX6基因突变筛查未能发现突变。

结论：PA患者15例中检测到1个新PITX2基因突变,丰富了PITX2基因突变频谱,进一步明确了PA合并ARS眼病的临床特点,为该种少见眼病的临床诊断和发病原因提供了依据。     

糖尿病性白内障患者糖代谢异常、胰岛素抵抗与房水及血清中炎症因子的相关性分析

目的：通过测定糖尿病性白内障患者血清中糖代谢指标、胰岛素抵抗与房水和血清中炎症因子的水平,探讨其相关性。

方法：随机选取我院2017-02/2018-01糖尿病性白内障患者69例(观察组)和白内障患者65例(对照组),检测两组患者血清中糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)的水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR); 同时检测房水和血清中的胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量,对HbA1c、HOMA-IR与房水和血清中IGF-1、IL-6含量进行相关性分析。

结果：对照组血清中的FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR,以及房水和血清中IGF-1、IL-6含量显著低于观察组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。HbA1c与房水及血清中的IGF-1和IL-6均呈正相关(P<0.05)。HOMA-IR与房水及血清中的IGF-1和IL-6均呈正相关(P<0.05)。

结论：糖尿病性白内障患者HbA1c、HOMA-IR与房水及血清中的IGF-1、IL-6含量具有相关性,通过对上述指标的测定可以辅助判断病情。     

Intravitreal conbercept injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of conbercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Retrospective review of 66 eyes of 63 patients with neovascular AMD. All patients received 0.5 mg intravitreal injections of conbercept monthly for 3 consecutive months, and then pro re nata treatment was performed. The changes of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were observed before and after treatments. Minimum follow-up time was 12mo. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean BCVA and CMT of 66 eyes (63 patients) were 1.11±0.60, 533.20±219.95 μm at baseline, and were 0.68±0.38, 310.28±125.60 μm at 3mo. No subjects were lost during the first three months, the improvements were all significantly (P<0.05). During the whole follow-up time of 12mo, 15 subjects (18 eyes) were lost. The mean BCVA and CMT of the rest 48 eyes with the follow-up time at least 1y were 0.83±0.46 and 547.59±196.77 μm at baseline, after 3mo and 12mo of conbercept injections became 0.55±0.41, 318.24±141.29 μm and 0.55±0.51, 333.87±173.25 μm. The differences were significant (P<0.05). No serious complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of conbercept appears to significantly improve visual acuity and anatomical outcomes in patients with neovascular AMD, no serious adverse reactions and complications are observed.     

Association between interleukin-10 genetic polymorphisms and risk of primary open angle glaucoma in a Chinese Han population: a case-control study

AIM: To investigate the association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) genetic polymorphisms and risk of POAG through a case-control study in a Han population of China. METHODS: A total of 210 patients with POAG and 420 normal subjects were recruited during the period from Dec. 2013 to Dec. 2016. The IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800870), -819T>C (rs1800871) and -592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphisms were determined using iPlex GOLD SNP genotyping analysis (the SequenomMassARRAY® System, Sequenom, San Diego, USA). The association between IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800870), -819T>C (rs1800871), and -592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphisms and risk of POAG was assessed by singlelogistic regression analysis. RESULTS: We observed that those carrying the CC genotype of rs1800871 was associated with an increased risk of POAG when compared with those harboring the TT genotype (OR=1.84, 95%CI=1.01-3.38). Those with AA genotype of rs1800872 had a 10.62 fold risk of POAG in comparison to the CC genotype (OR=10.62, 95%CI, 3.41-33.09). A completely linkage disequilibrium was found between IL-10 rs1800871-rs1800872 (D’=1.00, r2=0.16). The A-C-A (OR=2.60, 95%CI, 1.48-4.58) and G-T-A (OR=2.34, 95%CI, 1.42-3.86) haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of POAG, while the A-T-C haplotype showed a decreased risk of POAG (OR=0.63, 95%CI, 0.49-0.81). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that IL-10 rs1800871 and rs1800872 can be predictive factors for the pathogenesis of POAG in the Chinese population.     

血瘀证候模型小型猪视网膜血管血氧饱和度的研究

目的:对比血瘀证组和对照组巴马小型猪眼底视网膜血管血氧饱和度,探讨血瘀证候模型小型猪眼底视网膜血管血氧饱和度的改变。方法:12只小型猪,随机分为血瘀证组6只和对照组6只,正常喂养7d后进行眼底视网膜血管血氧饱和度检测并进行血液生化指标基线检测。第8d,血瘀证组耳缘静脉给予10%高分子右旋糖酐溶液5mL/kg,隔日1次,共7次;对照组正常饲养。第21d,再次检测2组眼底视网膜血管血氧饱和度及血液生化指标并进行统计分析。实验结束后分别摘除2组小型猪眼球,用于做视网膜切片和视网膜消化铺片并对其结果进行分析。结果:血瘀证候模型建立后,血液指标FIB、PT、APTT较前降低(P<0.05),TT较前出现升高(P<0.05);ESR、血浆黏度、红细胞压积、红细胞变形指数、红细胞聚集指数升高(P<0.05);全血还原黏度升高(P<0.05)。本实验初步评估了巴马小型猪眼底视网膜血管血氧饱和度,其视网膜静脉血氧饱和度范围大致为(74.67±6.12)%,动脉血氧饱和度大致范围为(110.91±8.52)%。与对照组相比,血瘀证组小型猪SvO2、鼻上SvO2、颞侧SvO2值降低(P<0.05),鼻下SvO2值明显降低(P<0.01),颞侧SaO2值降低(P<0.05),SaO2-SvO2、SaO2/SvO2均升高(P<0.05)。视网膜切片HE结果及视网膜消化铺片结果显示,血瘀证组巴马小猪视网膜神经纤维层厚度增加,轻度水肿,内皮细胞计数及周细胞计数降低(P<0.05)。结论:高分子右旋糖酐溶液建立血瘀证候动物模型,引起红细胞聚集,血液黏稠度增高,血流缓慢,造成微循环缺氧状态,对视网膜静脉血氧饱和度的影响比视网膜动脉血氧饱和度更加明显。     

试论岳甫嘉医案中不育的诊治思维

岳甫嘉诊病重视脉症合参,尤以诊脉见长;处方多用中和之剂,收固真阴,反对过用热药,耗散精血。诊治思维贯穿其著作《妙一斋医学正印种子编》上卷所载验案。此卷专门论述男性不育的诊治,虽仅载验案八则,但八者皆奇,诊治结合,涵盖多法,可归纳为“先清热毒,再施温补”“药用滑涩,当辨标本”“先治脾,后治肾”“脾肾同治”“先祛痰火,再滋肾阴”及“交通心肾”6类,诸法之中的诊治思维,蕴含奥妙,颇具特色,特作探析。     

Constructing novel molecular subtypes and an 11-gene signature based on pyroptosis signaling for lung adenocarcinoma

Pyroptosis plays important roles in various cancers. In this study, we focused on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and aimed to develop new molecular subtypes based on pyroptosis signaling. Pyroptosis-related genes were used as a basis to classify molecular subtypes through unsupervised consensus clustering. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to characterize tumor microenvironment (TME) and functional pathways. Univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis were conducted to identify prognostic genes for establishing a prognostic model. Three molecular subtypes were established with distinct overall survival, TME and enriched pathways. C3 subtype had the longest survival and the highest immune infiltration. 11 prognostic genes were screened to build a prognostic signature for predicting LUAD prognosis. This study emphasized the important role of pyroptosis in LUAD development. Pyroptosis was considered to play critical roles in regulating TME. Moreover, the 11-gene signature could serve as an indicator for predicting LUAD prognosis, and was potential targets for developing targeted drugs.