基于雨课堂的临床流行病学教学改革与实践

目的探讨雨课堂在临床流行病学教学中的作用和效果。方法采用随机对照法在本科阶段无流行病学学习经历的临床专业硕士研究生中,使用雨课堂线上课前预习及课后随堂练习的功能,用于评价雨课堂线上功能的辅助教学效果。结果应用雨课堂线上功能干预组与对照组在基线、阶段小测和末考卷面成绩均无统计学差异;但对于主动学习,雨课堂参与度较高的学生成绩提高明显。结论雨课堂有利于理论性较强课程的学习,但是仍不能忽略课堂教学师生互动过程。     

VATS解剖性肺段切除术与肺叶切除术治疗Ⅰa期NSCLC患者的手术情 况及对肺功能影响的比较

目的:探讨电视胸腔镜（VATS）解剖性肺段切除术与肺叶切除术治疗Ia 期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的手术情况及对患者肺功能的影响。方法:选取我院手术治疗的Ⅰa期NSCLC患者，收集时间2014年1月至2016年12月，根据术式不同分为两组，均采用VATS手术治疗，A组（54例）患者采用解剖性肺段切除术、B组（60例）采用肺叶切除术治疗，对比两组患者的手术效果及术后肺功能变化。结果:A组患者的手术时间、清扫淋巴结数目与B组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；A组患者的手术出血量、术后胸腔引流量、术后拔管时间、术后住院时间均显著的低于B组患者（P<0.05）；术前，A组和B组患者的FEV1%、FVC%、MVV%测定值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），术后3个月复查，A组患者的FEV1%、FVC%、MVV%测定值均显著高于B组患者（P<0.05）；手术后，A组患者的并发症发生率（7.41%）低于B组患者（13.33%），但是差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:VATS解剖性肺段切除术治疗Ⅰa期NSCLC患者具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快、对患者肺功能影响更小的优势。     

A KRT1 gene mutation related to epidermolytic ichthyosis in a Chinese family

We report a Chinese family with members affected by epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI), caused by KRT gene mutations. The proband was a 14‐year‐old boy who had simultaneous appearance of nephroblastoma and epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI). Both the patient and his mother exhibited the specific clinical and pathological manifestations of EI. We analysed all exons and flanking sequences of the KRT1 and KRT10 genes using PCR, and found that the proband and his mother had a G>C transition at nucleotide position 1432 in exon 7 of KRT1, resulting in an amino acid substitution of glutamate (GAA) to glutamine (CAA) at codon 478 (E478Q). The KRT10 gene had no mutations.     

Utility of Tissue Similarity Maps Based on Relative Cerebral Blood Volume for Grading Gliomas as Validated by Histological Results

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Distribution of temperature changes and neurovascular coupling in rat brain following 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) exposure

(+/?)3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) is an abused psychostimulant that produces strong monoaminergic stimulation and whole‐body hyperthermia. MDMA‐induced thermogenesis involves activation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs), primarily a type specific to skeletal muscle (UCP‐3) and absent from the brain, although other UCP types are expressed in the brain (e.g. thalamus) and might contribute to thermogenesis. Since neuroimaging of brain temperature could provide insights into MDMA action, we measured spatial distributions of systemically administered MDMA‐induced temperature changes and dynamics in rat cortex and subcortex using a novel magnetic resonance method, Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS), with an exogenous temperature‐sensitive probe (thulium ion and macrocyclic chelate 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetate (DOTMA^4?)). The MDMA‐induced temperature rise was greater in the cortex than in the subcortex (1.6 ± 0.4 °C versus 1.3 ± 0.4 °C) and occurred more rapidly (2.0 ± 0.2 °C/h versus 1.5 ± 0.2 °C/h). MDMA‐induced temperature changes and dynamics in the cortex and body were correlated, although the body temperature exceeded the cortex temperature before and after MDMA. Temperature, neuronal activity, and blood flow (CBF) were measured simultaneously in the cortex and subcortex (i.e. thalamus) to investigate possible differences of MDMA‐induced warming across brain regions. MDMA‐induced warming correlated with increases in neuronal activity and blood flow in the cortex, suggesting that the normal neurovascular response to increased neural activity was maintained. In contrast to the cortex, a biphasic relationship was seen in the subcortex (i.e. thalamus), with a decline in CBF as temperature and neural activity rose, transitioning to a rise in CBF for temperature above 37 °C, suggesting that MDMA affected CBF and neurovascular coupling differently in subcortical regions. Considering that MDMA effects on CBF and heat dissipation (as well as potential heat generation) may vary regionally, neuroprotection may require different cooling strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessing perceived quality of primary care under hospital-township health centre integration: A cross-sectional study in China

Since the new round of health care reform in 2009, the vertical integration of hospitals and primary health institutions has become widely implemented in China as an efficient method for improving quality of primary care. This study aimed to answer the following questions: (a) What is the perceived quality of township health centres (THCs) under integration? (B) What differences could be observed among the three typical integration models, namely, private hospital-THC integration, public hospital-THC integration, and loose collaboration? Two rounds of cross-sectional surveys were conducted from November 2016 to June 2018. The Chinese version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool was used to evaluate perceived quality of sample THCs, and 1118 adult patients were interviewed in total. Multiple linear regressions were employed to compare the quality scores between two survey rounds and among different integration models after controlling for potential confounders. The results revealed that the quality of care significantly improved under private hospital-THC integration as observed by comparing two survey rounds, while no change or slight changes were observed in the other two models. The difference observed among the three models was that the perceived quality of THCs integrated with private hospitals was worse than that of THCs integrated with public hospitals and THCs under loose collaboration, while no significant difference was observed between public hospital-THC integration and loose collaboration. Increased attention should be given to highlighting the tight integration between hospitals and THCs and the different roles played by private and public hospitals in the current reform.     

【开放获取】男性肢端肥大症合并乳腺癌1例

患者男，64岁，因头颅增大、面部变长，颧骨隆起、下颌增大、双手掌肥厚、双手指粗短30余年，乳房肿物1年余就诊。患者30余年前无明显诱因出现渐进性手足增大，双手掌肥厚，嘴唇变厚，下颌增大，眉弓及颧骨突出，皮肤增厚，无乳腺增大、泌乳，未诊治……