双语教学Powerpoint课件制作探讨

针对Powerpoint软件在课件制作上常存在的屏幕背景与文字色彩对比不当、文字数量太多及字体太小、文字动画太多且乱、声音混杂等问题,结合实践就如何制作课件,尤其是双语教学课件,从总体布局、屏幕文字安排、背景与版式的设计、声音与动画等方面进行了探讨,并介绍了多种特殊效果的应用技巧.     

帕金森病立体定向手术并发脑内出血的原因分析

目的:探讨帕金森病立体定向手术颅内出血并发症原因及对策。方法:自1999年4月至2003年3月我们对药物治疗效果不理想的510例帕金森病病人行立体定向毁损手术，术后出现颅内出血9例，其中毁损灶出血3例，穿刺道出血6例。结果:手术治疗4例．保守治疗5例。术后意识恢复但遗留偏瘫4例，经非手术治疗5例．恢复良好，未遗留明显功能障碍。全组无死亡病例。结论:采用磁共振结合微电极导向提高靶点定位精确度，减少微电极记录针道数，降低毁损温度，重视围手术期处理等措施，有助于降低颅内出血并发症的危险。     

A preliminary study of the relationship between antibiotic administration and changes in bacteriological profile of wound infection in a burn unit

Objective:To investigate the relationship between antibiotic administration and the changes in bacteriological profile in a burn unit. Methods: The data of consumption of different kinds of antibiotics, including total antibiotic consumption [expressed as the number of defined daily doses (DDD)] as well as pathogen identification, were collected in a 8-year period. The constituent ratios of different kinds of antibiotics in total antibiotic consumption to isolation rates of various species of bacteria were calculated, and their correlation was analyzed. Results: Within this period, it was found that the aminoglycosides and first generation cephalosporins were used less frequently, while the polypeptides, carbopenem and macrolides were used proportionally more. At the same time, the isolation rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were gradually increased. The constituent ratios of predominant pathogens were correlated to the different kinds of antibiotics consumption in the burn unit. Conclusion: The results suggested that the consumption of different antibiotics was closely related to the trends of emergence of bacterial isolates from infected burn wounds. The result might imply that to regulate the administration of certain antibiotics might help decrease the emergence of certain pathogenic bacteria in burn infections.     

外周神经动作电位记录中刺激伪迹的消除方法

<正> 记录外周神经动作电位的实验中往往有难以克服的刺激伪迹。特别所记录的外周神经比较短时,此问题更为突出。一般常用的消除刺激伪迹方法亦不易奏效。通过摸索,我们找到一种简单的消除方法。现介绍如下:     

乳腺囊性增生病癌变过程中部分因素变化的意义

检测乳腺囊性增生病（ＦＣＤ）经不典型增生到癌变部分因素的变化。结果提示：从因明显ＦＣＤ症状活检至癌变为２～１０年；从Ⅱ级以上不典型增生到临床癌变需２～７年；癌变率为３．１％。ＦＣＤ患者存在性激素分泌调控失常，血浆雌激素和催乳素含量增加，导致上皮细胞增生。乳腺一般性增生细胞的ＤＮＡ含量和超微结构与正常乳腺上皮细胞相似；无肿瘤相关抗原及异常基因产物表达。而发生在一般性增生基础上的不典型增生则呈现细胞基因物质ＤＮＡ含量增加，部分为超４Ｃ的多倍体细胞；同时出现细胞膜和细胞核超微结构异常；雌激素受体含量增加，对性激素的依赖性和敏感性增强；部分不典型增生细胞出现胚胎性肿瘤相关抗原和异常基因产物表达。随不典型增生程度加重至乳腺癌，上述诸因素的变化趋势具有明显规律性。提示ＦＣＤ上皮细胞从一般性增生经不典型增生至乳腺癌为细胞生物学连续逐渐变化的过程。部分不典型增生细胞中具有癌倾向的细胞生物学行为异常和表型变化与乳腺癌发生密切相关。细胞核ＤＮＡ含量等异常变化及程度可作为乳腺癌前病变发展程度的客观标志     

骨髓腔静脉造影在特发性股骨头坏死诊断中的应用

本文介绍17例（34髋）特发性股骨头坏死、4例（4髋）正常人骨髓腔静脉造影所见。发现25髋有异常改变,并经病理证实。作者认为:①骨干返流;②2支或2支以上静脉不显影;③多条静脉明显变细;④干骺端瘀积是股骨头坏死的造影表现,前二者是可靠的诊断依据。造影结果提示髓腔静脉造影是一种安全而敏感的诊断技术。     

181例外伤性脾破裂的诊断和治疗

本文报导181例外伤性脾破裂，其中包括21例延迟性脾破裂的诊断和治疗。术中脾损伤的临床分度有助于治疗方法的选择。及时．有效的止血和治疗以及重视对合并伤的防治是降低死亡率的关键。     

颈外动脉栓塞在耳鼻咽喉科的应用

在耳鼻咽喉科手术中应用颈外动脉栓塞法１０例，形成栓塞组，并把单纯颈外动脉结扎１０例作为对照组。结果表明：栓塞组较对照组术中出血量显著减少，有利于病灶彻底清除，因而有提高治愈率减少复发率的作用。掌握栓塞位置、栓塞剂用量和注射速度是防止并发症的关键。     

Evaluation of peripheral blood involvement of mantle cell lymphoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization in comparison with immunophenotypic and morphologic findings.

Mantle cell lymphoma is non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation. Peripheral blood involvement of mantle cell lymphoma is usually associated with a poor prognosis and therefore, its identification is clinically important. In this study, we performed cyclin D1/IgH-probe fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis on 223 peripheral blood samples: 185 from 125 mantle cell lymphoma patients, and 38 normal controls. The cutoff values for the test were established using normal controls. Flow cytometry on peripheral blood and corresponding bone marrow samples was used to evaluate this test. In all, 26% of the 185 peripheral blood samples and 27% of the 161 corresponding bone marrow samples were flow cytometry positive for mantle cell lymphoma. The mean numbers of single and- double-fusion signals and the mean number of CD5/CD19-positive cells, absolute blood lymphocyte count, and white blood cell count were significantly higher in peripheral blood and corresponding bone marrow samples with mantle cell lymphoma-positive flow cytometry. Double-fusion signals were more specific than single-fusion ones. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was far more likely to be positive for mantle cell lymphoma when the peripheral blood and the corresponding bone marrow samples had positive flow cytometry results or morphology (P<0.01). Our study indicates that cyclin D1/IgH-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis could be used to determine the presence and character of circulating mantle cell lymphoma cells in peripheral blood, thus enhancing our ability to evaluate leukemic mantle cell lymphoma and minimum residual disease.     

Molecular epidemiology and control of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a teaching hospital.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is difficult to control. Due to a dramatic increase in the nosocomial MRSA infection rate at our hospital from 2000 to 2001, this study was conducted to identify the source of these infections and the effectiveness of control measures. METHODS: 179 healthcare workers (HCWs) were screened for carriage of MRSA. Starting in April 2001, all patients with MRSA infection or colonization were put in strict contact and cohort isolation. The bacterial isolates of HCW carriers and patients with MRSA infection from April 2001 to September 2001 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk-diffusion method and molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: Fifteen HCWs were found to be carriers of MRSA. They were all given topical mupirocin treatment. After these interventions, the nosocomial MRSA infection rate decreased from 1.23 to 0.53 per 1000 patient-days. All 61 MRSA isolates available for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular typing were multidrug resistant. PFGE study revealed 2 predominant types, type C and type Y, comprising 36 and 12 isolates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrates the importance of measures to control nosocomial MRSA infections in hospitals that already have a high incidence of endemic MRSA infection. Elimination of carriage by healthcare workers, and strict contact and cohort isolation are the main effective measures.