全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1592篇 |
免费 | 117篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 14篇 |
儿科学 | 16篇 |
妇产科学 | 62篇 |
基础医学 | 230篇 |
口腔科学 | 7篇 |
临床医学 | 167篇 |
内科学 | 279篇 |
皮肤病学 | 20篇 |
神经病学 | 161篇 |
特种医学 | 141篇 |
外科学 | 200篇 |
综合类 | 25篇 |
一般理论 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 118篇 |
眼科学 | 13篇 |
药学 | 69篇 |
肿瘤学 | 186篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 24篇 |
2021年 | 32篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 48篇 |
2017年 | 52篇 |
2016年 | 50篇 |
2015年 | 33篇 |
2014年 | 54篇 |
2013年 | 83篇 |
2012年 | 112篇 |
2011年 | 113篇 |
2010年 | 54篇 |
2009年 | 42篇 |
2008年 | 78篇 |
2007年 | 83篇 |
2006年 | 71篇 |
2005年 | 85篇 |
2004年 | 52篇 |
2003年 | 63篇 |
2002年 | 58篇 |
2001年 | 26篇 |
2000年 | 37篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 34篇 |
1990年 | 25篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1972年 | 9篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有1711条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Marianne K. Vormann Linda Gijzen Simon Hutter Lisette Boot Arnaud Nicolas Angelique van den Heuvel Jelle Vriend Chee Ping Ng Tom T. G. Nieskens Vincent van Duinen Bjorn de Wagenaar Rosalinde Masereeuw Laura Suter-Dick Sebastiaan J. Trietsch Martijn Wilmer Jos Joore Paul Vulto Henriette L. Lanz 《The AAPS journal》2018,20(5):90
Proximal tubules in the kidney play a crucial role in reabsorbing and eliminating substrates from the body into the urine, leading to high local concentrations of xenobiotics. This makes the proximal tubule a major target for drug toxicity that needs to be evaluated during the drug development process. Here, we describe an advanced in vitro model consisting of fully polarized renal proximal tubular epithelial cells cultured in a microfluidic system. Up to 40 leak-tight tubules were cultured on this platform that provides access to the basolateral as well as the apical side of the epithelial cells. Exposure to the nephrotoxicant cisplatin caused a dose-dependent disruption of the epithelial barrier, a decrease in viability, an increase in effluent LDH activity, and changes in expression of tight-junction marker zona-occludence 1, actin, and DNA-damage marker H2A.X, as detected by immunostaining. Activity and inhibition of the efflux pumps P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) were demonstrated using fluorescence-based transporter assays. In addition, the transepithelial transport function from the basolateral to the apical side of the proximal tubule was studied. The apparent permeability of the fluorescent P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 was decreased by 35% by co-incubation with cyclosporin A. Furthermore, the activity of the glucose transporter SGLT2 was demonstrated using the fluorescent glucose analog 6-NBDG which was sensitive to inhibition by phlorizin. Our results demonstrate that we developed a functional 3D perfused proximal tubule model with advanced renal epithelial characteristics that can be used for drug screening studies. 相似文献
62.
Kroese Tiuri E. Buijs George S. Burger Matthijs D. L. Ruurda Jelle P. Mook Stella Brosens Lodewijk A. A. van Rossum Peter S. N. van Hillegersberg Richard 《Annals of surgical oncology》2022,29(8):4861-4862
Annals of Surgical Oncology - 相似文献
63.
Jelle J. Halma Daniel A. Godefrooij Rienk Eshuis Steven M. van Gaalen Arthur de Gast 《The Journal of arthroplasty》2014
The Morscher monoblock cup is designed for optimal osteointegration and holds the potential for excellent long-term survival. The Metasul-on-Metasul bearing was introduced to eliminate wear-induced periprosthetic osteolysis. This study reviews 137 Morscher cups with a 28-mm Metasul-on-Metasul bearing used in primary THA at 5.1 years (3.2–6.6) after implantation. One hundred thirty-seven cups were implanted in 119 patients. Three patients (2.2%) had died of unrelated causes, and 10 patients (8.0%) were lost to follow-up. The mean Harris Hip score was 89.8 and the mean WOMAC sum score was 18.5. No cases of acetabular osteolysis were found. The 5-year cup survival rate was 98.5%. 相似文献
64.
65.
A novel approach to treat bleeding episodes in patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) and perhaps also in patients receiving alpha IIb beta 3 inhibitors is the administration of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa). The mechanism of action of rFVIIa in these patients is, however, still unclear. We studied the effect of rFVIIa-mediated thrombin formation on adhesion of alpha IIb beta 3-deficient platelets under flow conditions. Adhesion of alpha IIb beta 3-deficient platelets to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells or to collagen type III was studied using a model system with washed platelets and red cells. When alpha IIb beta 3-deficient platelets were perfused over the surface at arterial shear rate for 5 minutes, a low surface coverage was observed (GT platelets, mean +/- SEM, 37.5% +/- 5.0%; normal platelets preincubated with an RGD-containing peptide, 7.4% +/- 2.1%). When rFVIIa, together with factors X and II, was added to the perfusate, platelet deposition significantly increased (GT platelets, mean +/- SEM, 67.0% +/- 4.3%; normal platelets preincubated with an RGD-containing peptide, 48.2% +/- 2.9%). The same effect was observed when normal platelets were pretreated with the commercially available anti-alpha IIb beta 3 drugs abciximab, eptifibatide, or tirofiban. It was shown that tissue factor-independent thrombin generation (presumably induced by binding of rFVIIa to adhered platelets) was responsible for the increase in platelet deposition. In conclusion, defective adhesion of alpha IIb beta 3-deficient platelets to ECM can be restored by tissue factor-independent rFVIIa-mediated thrombin formation. The enhanced generation of platelet procoagulant surface facilitates fibrin formation, so that lack of platelet aggregate formation might be compensated for. 相似文献
66.
67.
Melvin Li Kaitlyn K. Thompson Jillian C. Nissen Donald Hendrix Joel A. Hurowitz Stella E. Tsirka 《Journal of applied toxicology : JAT》2019,39(10):1413-1423
Lunar regolith samples collected during previous Apollo missions were found to contain components that were established to be toxic to humans; however, the health effects due to inhalation of lunar soil as a whole are still unknown. Macrophages residing in the alveolar sacs of the lungs constitute one of the last lines of defense against inhaled particulates before entry into the bloodstream. Here, we examine the macrophage response to lunar simulants that are similar in chemical composition to the lunar regolith. We assess cytotoxicity, cellular morphology, phagocytosis of simulants and expression of inflammatory markers. Overall, the exposure of macrophages to lunar simulants results in moderate cytotoxicity and marked alteration of cell morphology and uptake of the simulants. Interestingly, simulant exposure decreased proinflammatory gene expression, but may induce an anti‐inflammatory phenotype in the cells. These results illustrate that although macrophages phagocytose lunar simulants as a protective response, the simulants do induce a degree of macrophage cell death. Our study reveals some toxicity associated with lunar simulants and supports further evaluation of the inhalation of lunar regolith to understand the risks of exposure fully. 相似文献
68.
Christopher Akolo Walter Royal III Mariana Cherner Kanayo Okwuasaba Lindsay Eyzaguirre Ruxton Adebiyi Anya Umlauf Terence Hendrix Joyce Johnson Alashl’e Abimiku William A. Blattner 《Journal of neurovirology》2014,20(4):380-387
Detailed neuropsychological testing was performed on 133 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive (SP) and 77 HIV seronegative (SN) individuals, 86 % with early stage HIV infection in Nigeria, to determine the frequency of HIV-related neurocognitive impairment among the HIV-infected group. The tests were administered to assess the following seven ability domains: speed of information processing, attention/working memory, executive functioning, learning, memory, verbal fluency, and motor function motor. Demographically corrected individual test scores and scores for each domain or reflecting a global deficit (a global deficit score, or GDS) were compared for the SP and SN groups. SP participants were older, had fewer years of education, were more likely to be married, differed in ethnicity, and had higher depression scores than SN individuals. Within the seven ability domains, SP performed worse than SN with respect to speed of information processing, executive function, learning, memory, and verbal fluency and also on the global measure. SP were also more frequently impaired on tests of SIP, and there was a borderline increase in the frequency of global impairment. On the individual tests, SP performed worse than SN on four tests that assessed learning, verbal fluency, memory, and motor function (the Timed Gait). SP subjects, however, performed better than SN on the Finger-tapping test, also a motor task. Performance by SP subjects was not associated on the timed gait which showed a borderline statistically significant correlation with CD4 counts. However, there were significant correlations between viral load measurements and individual tests of speed of information processing, executive function, learning, and verbal fluency and with overall executive function and a borderline correlation with the GDS. Depression scores for SP were associated with impairment on only a single test of executive function. These results demonstrate the ability of these assessments to identify areas of impairment that may be specifically linked to a history of HIV infection among individuals in Nigeria. Confirmation of these findings awaits analyses using data from a larger number of control subjects. 相似文献
69.
Volkan Tanaydin Carlo Colla Andrzej Piatkowski Jop Beugels Nicole Hendrix Eric van den Kerckhove Greg C. G. Hugenholtz René D. W. J. van der Hulst 《European journal of plastic surgery》2014,37(5):259-266