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71.
BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The inability or failure of many subjects to adhere to standard antibiotic regimens, which may last up to 10 days, results in suboptimal antibiotic treatment. Treatment with a single-dose antibiotic regimen may improve compliance with prescribed therapy. A novel microsphere formulation of azithromycin provides a single-dose regimen while maintaining tolerability. STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of a single 2.0-g dose of azithromycin microspheres to that of an extended-release formulation of clarithromycin (1.0 g/d for 7 days) for the treatment of adults with mild-to-moderate CAP. DESIGN: A phase III, multinational, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy study, comparing single-dose azithromycin microspheres to extended-release clarithromycin, both administered orally. METHODS: Subjects with mild-to-moderate CAP (Fine class I and II) were included. The primary end point was clinical response at the test-of-cure (TOC) visit (days 14 to 21) in the clinical per protocol (CPP) population. The bacteriologic response at the TOC visit was assessed in subjects with a baseline pathogen. RESULTS: A total of 501 subjects were randomized, and 499 were treated. Clinical cure rates at the TOC visit in the CPP population were 92.6% (187 of 202 subjects) for azithromycin microspheres and 94.7% (198 of 209 subjects) for extended-release clarithromycin. Overall pathogen eradication rates were 91.8% (123 of 134 subjects) for azithromycin microspheres and 90.5% (153 of 169 subjects) for extended-release clarithromycin. Both agents were well tolerated. The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 26.3% with azithromycin microspheres and 24.6% with extended-release clarithromycin. Most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. CONCLUSION: A single 2.0-g dose of azithromycin microspheres was as effective and well tolerated as a 7-day course of extended-release clarithromycin in the treatment of adults with mild-to-moderate CAP. 相似文献
72.
Soluble Immune Mediators and Vaginal Bacteria Impact Innate Genital Mucosal Antimicrobial Activity in Young Women 下载免费PDF全文
Rebecca Pellett Madan Charlene S. Dezzutti Lorna Rabe Sharon L. Hillier Jeanne Marrazzo Ian McGowan Barbra A. Richardson Betsy C. Herold the Microbicide Trials Network Biomedical Sciences Working Group the MTN Protocol Team 《American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)》2015,74(4):323-332
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Mitchell W. Pesesky Tahir Hussain Meghan Wallace Bin Wang Saadia Andleeb Carey-Ann D. Burnham Gautam Dantas 《Emerging infectious diseases》2015,21(6):1034-1037
To characterize the genomic context of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), we sequenced 78 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Pakistan and the United States encoding KPC, NDM-1, or no carbapenemase. High similarities of the results indicate rapid spread of carbapenem resistance between strains, including globally disseminated pathogens. 相似文献
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AnneMarie Levy Paul Marshall Yan Zhou Mary Jeanne Kreek Katrina Kent Stephen Daniels Ari Shore Tiana Downs Maria Fernanda Fernandes David M. Mutch Francesco Leri 《Nutrients》2015,7(5):3869-3890
This study explored whether different ratios of fructose (F) and glucose (G) in sugar can engender significant differences in self-administration and associated neurobiological and physiological responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In Experiment 1, animals self-administered pellets containing 55% F + 45% G or 30% F + 70% G, and Fos immunoreactivity was assessed in hypothalamic regions regulating food intake and reward. In Experiment 2, rats self-administered solutions of 55% F + 42% G (high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)), 50% F + 50% G (sucrose) or saccharin, and mRNA of the dopamine 2 (D2R) and mu-opioid (MOR) receptor genes were assessed in striatal regions involved in addictive behaviors. Finally, in Experiment 3, rats self-administered HFCS and sucrose in their home cages, and hepatic fatty acids were quantified. It was found that higher fructose ratios engendered lower self-administration, lower Fos expression in the lateral hypothalamus/arcuate nucleus, reduced D2R and increased MOR mRNA in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens core, respectively, as well as elevated omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver. These data indicate that a higher ratio of fructose may enhance the reinforcing effects of sugar and possibly lead to neurobiological and physiological alterations associated with addictive and metabolic disorders. 相似文献
77.
Elopre Latesha Boutwell Alexander Gordon Bretia Johnson Bernadette Marrazzo Jeanne Van Der Pol Barbara Mugavero Michael J. 《AIDS and behavior》2022,26(11):3469-3479
AIDS and Behavior - To assess PrEP service delivery preferences among Black cis-gender women living in urban and rural settings in Alabama, we conducted a cross-sectional discrete choice experiment... 相似文献
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Lars F. Westblade Robin R. Chamberland Duncan MacCannell Rachel Collins Erik R. Dubberke W. Michael Dunne Jr. Carey-Ann D. Burnham 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2013,51(2):621-624
We describe a novel, semiautomated Clostridium difficile typing platform that is based on PCR-ribotyping in conjunction with a semiautomated molecular typing system. The platform is reproducible with minimal intra- or interassay variability. This method exhibited a discriminatory index of 0.954 and is therefore comparable to more arduous typing systems, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. 相似文献
80.
Lo Emma Lifland Brooke Buelt Eliza C. Balasuriya Lilanthi Steiner Jeanne L. 《Community mental health journal》2021,57(8):1427-1434
Community Mental Health Journal - “Street psychiatry” is an innovative model that serves people experiencing unsheltered homelessness, a vulnerable population with increased rates of... 相似文献