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71.
Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis (Brum.f) Dahlg.) and honeybush (Cyclopia Vent. species) are popular indigenous South African herbal teas enjoyed for their taste and aroma. Traditional medicinal uses of rooibos in South Africa include alleviation of infantile colic, allergies, asthma and dermatological problems, while a decoction of honeybush was used as a restorative and as an expectorant in chronic catarrh and pulmonary tuberculosis. Traditional medicinal uses of Athrixia phylicoides DC., or bush tea, another indigenous South African plant with very limited localised use as herbal tea, include treatment of boils, acne, infected wounds and infected throats. Currently rooibos and honeybush are produced for the herbal tea market, while bush tea has potential for commercialisation. A summary of the historical and modern uses, botany, distribution, industry and chemical composition of these herbal teas is presented. A comprehensive discussion of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo biological properties, required to expand their applications as nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products, is included, with the main emphasis on rooibos. Future research needs include more comprehensive chemical characterisation of extracts, identification of marker compounds for extract standardisation and quality control, bioavailability and identification of bio-markers of dietary exposure, investigation of possible herb-drug interactions and plant improvement with regards to composition and bioactivity. 相似文献
72.
Do seasonal changes affect metallothionein induction by metals in mussels, Mytilus edulis? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mussels have been proposed as biomonitors of metal pollution based on the determination of metallothionein (MT) concentrations as a biomarker, but a comprehensive study taking into account both intersite and long-term temporal variations in MT and metal concentrations in different organs is lacking. Thus, the present study was designed to examine the concentrations of cytosolic and insoluble Cd, Cu, Zn, and MT in gills and digestive gland of mussels (Mytilus edulis) of homogeneous size and age obtained from aquaculture and kept on a reference site or translocated to a metal-rich site throughout their reproductive season (March-October 1997). Relatively significant binding of metals to the insoluble fraction was observed in both tissues. In the digestive gland, monthly MT concentrations were strongly correlated to cytosolic metal levels. Moreover, despite significant temporal variations, the grand mean MT concentration based on all individual determinations in the digestive gland (reference, n=54; transplants, n=50) was significantly higher in mussels from the metal-rich site. On the other hand, gill MT concentrations did not reflect metal contamination as reliably. 相似文献
73.
Bonjour JP Brandolini-Bunlon M Boirie Y Morel-Laporte F Braesco V Bertière MC Souberbielle JC 《The British journal of nutrition》2008,100(4):866-874
Increased postmenopausal bone turnover leads to bone loss and fragility fracture risk. In the absence of osteoporosis, risk preventive measures, particularly those modifying nutritional lifestyle, are appropriate. We tested the hypothesis that milk supplementation affects bone turnover related to biochemical markers in a direction that, in the long term, may be expected to reduce postmenopausal bone loss. Thirty healthy postmenopausal women aged 59.3 (SD 3.3) years were enrolled in a prospective crossover trial of 16 weeks. After a 4-week period of adaptation with diet providing 600 mg calcium plus 300 mg ingested as 250 ml semi-skimmed milk, participants were maintained during 6 weeks under the same 600 mg calcium diet and randomized to receive either 500 ml semi-skimmed milk, thus providing a total of 1200 mg calcium, or no milk supplement. In the next 6 weeks they were switched to the alternative regimen. At the end of the each period, i.e. after 4, 10 and 16 weeks, blood and urinary samples were collected. The changes in blood variables between the periods of 6 weeks without and with milk supplementation were: for parathyroid hormone, -3.2 pg/ml (P=0.0054); for crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen, -624 pg/ml (P<0.0001); for propeptide of type I procollagen, -5.5 ng/ml (P=0.0092); for osteocalcin, -2.8 ng/ml (P=0.0014). In conclusion, a 6-week period of milk supplementation induced a decrease in several biochemical variables compatible with diminished bone turnover mediated by reduction in parathyroid hormone secretion. This nutritional approach to postmenopausal alteration in bone metabolism may be a valuable measure in the primary prevention of osteoporosis. 相似文献
74.
Hui Yu Zhengming Chen Karla V. Ballman Mark A. Watson Ramaswamy Govindan Irena Lanc David G. Beer Raphael Bueno Lucian R. Chirieac Michael Herman Chui Guoan Chen Wilbur A. Franklin David R. Gandara Carlo Genova Kristine A. Brovsky Mary-Beth M. Joshi Daniel T. Merrick William G. Richards Fred R. Hirsch 《Journal of thoracic oncology》2019,14(1):25-36
Objectives
Anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy has demonstrated success in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Recently, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade also has demonstrated interesting results in small trials of neoadjuvant treatment in stage IB to IIIA NSCLC. In addition, several clinical trials using anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment in patients with resectable stage NSCLC are ongoing. However, few analyses of anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy–related biomarkers in early-stage squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) have been reported. In this study, we evaluated PD-L1 protein expression, tumor mutation burden, and expression of an immune gene signature in early-stage SqCLC, providing data for identifying the potential role for patients with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatment in early-stage SqCLC.Methods
A total of 255 specimens from patients with early-stage SqCLC were identified within participating centers of the Strategic Partnering to Evaluate Cancer Signatures program. PD-L1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry was evaluated by using the Dako PD-L1 22C3 pharmDx kit on the Dako Link 48 auto-stainer (Dako, Carpinteria, CA). Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was calculated on the basis of data from targeted genome sequencing. The T-effector and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) gene signature was determined from Affymetrix gene chip data (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) from frozen specimens.Results
The prevalence of PD-L1 expression was 9.8% at a tumor proportion score cutoff of at least 50%. PD-L1 mRNA and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 mRNA positively correlated with PD-L1 protein expression on tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. PD-L1 protein expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells was correlated with the T-effector and IFN-γ gene signature (p < 0.001), but not with TMB. For TCs, all of these biomarkers were independent of each other and neither PD-L1 protein expression, TMB, or T-effector and IFN-γ gene signatures were independently prognostic for patient outcomes.Conclusions
Evaluation of PD-L1 expression, TMB, and T-effector and IFN-γ gene signatures in the cohort with early-stage SqCLC found them to be independent of each other, and none was associated with overall survival. Our results also support the hypothesis that PD-L1 expression is regulated by an intrinsic mechanism on TCs and an adaptive mechanism on immune cells. 相似文献75.
James L. Januzzi Sunil Suchindran Udo Hoffmann Manesh R. Patel Maros Ferencik Adrian Coles Jean-Claude Tardif Geoffrey S. Ginsburg Pamela S. Douglas 《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》2019,73(3):251-260
Background
Evaluation of stable symptomatic outpatients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) may be challenging because they have a wide range of cardiovascular risk. The role of troponin testing to assist clinical decision making in this setting is unexplored.Objectives
This study sought to evaluate the prognostic meaning of single-molecule counting high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) (normal range <6 ng/l) among outpatients with stable chest symptoms and suspected CAD.Methods
Participants with available blood samples in PROMISE (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) were studied, and hsTnI results were analyzed relative to the primary outcome of death, acute myocardial infarction (MI), or hospitalization for unstable angina by 1 year. The secondary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death or acute MI.Results
The study sample consisted of 4,021 participants; 98.6% had measurable hsTnI concentrations. The median hsTnI value was 1.6 ng/l. In upper hsTnI quartiles, patients had higher-risk clinical profiles. Higher hsTnI concentrations were associated with greater event probabilities for death, acute MI, or hospitalization for unstable angina. In multivariable models, hsTnI concentrations independently predicted death, acute MI, or hospitalization for unstable angina (hazard ratio: 1.54 per increase in log-hsTnI interquartile range; p < 0.001) and cardiovascular death or acute MI (hazard ratio: 1.52 per increase in log-hsTnI interquartile range; p < 0.001) and were particularly associated with near-term events, compared with longer follow-up.Conclusions
In symptomatic outpatients with suspected CAD, higher concentrations of hsTnI within the normal range were associated with heightened near-term risk for death, acute MI, or hospitalization. (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain [PROMISE]; NCT01174550) 相似文献76.
Rabot S Szylit O Nugon-Baudon L Meslin JC Vaissade P Popot F Viso M 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2000,45(9):1687-1695
The purpose of this work was to assess the influence of microgravity on several endogenous and microbial parameters of digestive physiology. On the occasion of two Spacelab Life Sciences missions, SLS-1 (a 9-day space flight) and SLS-2 (a 14-day space flight), Sprague-Dawley rats flown aboard the US space shuttle were compared to age-matched ground-based controls. In both flights, exposure to microgravity modified cecal fermentation: concentration and profile of short-chain fatty acids were altered, whereas urea and ammonia remained unchanged. Only in SLS-1 was there an induction of intestinal glutathione-S-transferase. Additional analyses in SLS-2 showed a decrease of hepatic CYP450 and of colonic goblet cells containing neutral mucin. After a postflight recovery period equal to the mission length, only modifications of the hepatic and intestinal xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes still persisted. These findings should help to predict the alterations of digestive physiology and detoxification potential likely to occur in astronauts. Their possible influence on health is discussed. 相似文献
77.
Mayer A Ploix C Orgiazzi J Desbos A Moreira A Vidal H Monier JC Bienvenu J Fabien N 《The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism》2004,89(9):4484-4488
We investigated the presence of autoantibodies (aAbs) directed against the parathyroid gland in 17 patients with spontaneous isolated acquired hypoparathyroidism. Fourteen patients with acquired hypoparathyroidism (AH) associated with type I or II autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome were also tested in comparison with a control group of 68 subjects without AH, including patients with other autoimmune diseases and healthy blood donors. aAbs against parathyroid tissue were screened using an indirect immunofluorescence technique on primate parathyroid tissue and human parathyroid adenoma. aAbs against the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) were analyzed using an immunoblotting assay with the recombinant extracellular domain of the human CaSR as antigen. Seven of the 31 patients with AH were positive for CaSR aAbs. Five of the positive sera were obtained from the group with isolated AH. The two other positive sera were from patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome. The sensitivity of the immunoblotting technique was higher than that of both the radioimmunological test using the extracellular domain of the CaSR and the indirect immunofluorescence technique. There were no positive sera in the control group. In conclusion, using an immunoblotting assay, we demonstrate the presence of CaSR aAbs in about one third of the patients with isolated AH, pointing out the value of detecting such aAbs to assess the autoimmune origin of the disease. 相似文献
78.
Rheumatoid flat foot and deformity of the first ray 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Bouysset M Tebib J Noel E Tavernier T Miossec P Vianey JC Duivon JP Bonnin M Nemoz C Jalby J 《The Journal of rheumatology》2002,29(5):903-905
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between flat foot and forefoot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in order to improve understanding of the progression of deformity and thus provide more appropriate treatment. METHODS: Anteroposterior and lateral weight-bearing radiographs were obtained of 308 feet of patients with RA and 202 feet of patients with neck pain (control feet). RESULTS: In women with RA, we observed with disease duration an increased frequency of flat foot that was correlated with first ray deformity (chiefly metatarsus primus adductus) and severe stages of disability. Flat foot increased very markedly after 3-4 years of disease duration. In control women, flat feet were more frequent after the age of 50 years. CONCLUSION: In RA the inflammatory and mechanical factors leading to foot deformity must receive early medical treatment to avoid progressive hindfoot deformities that lead to disability. 相似文献
79.
Canard JM Debette-Gratien M Dumas R Escourrou J Gay G Giovannini M Greff M Grimaud JC Helbert T Marchetti B Lapuelle J Napoleon B Palazzo L Ponchon T Rey JF Sautereau D;la Société Française d'Endoscopie Digestive 《Gastroentérologie clinique et biologique》2005,29(1):17-22
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the practice of colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy in France in 2000. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in November 2000 using questionnaires sent to all gastroenterologists practicing in France (N=2858) who were asked to reply to items concerning colonoscopies and sigmoidoscopies performed on two workdays chosen in advance. The response rate was 32.8%. Data were extrapolated to establish estimates for the entire year. RESULTS: An estimated 894000 colonoscopies and 115320 sigmoidoscopies were performed in 2000. Single-use material was used in 22.1% of the procedures. Indications for endoscopy were mainly hematochezia (21.6%), gastrointestinal symptoms (35%) and surveillance of patients with a history of previous polypectomy (15%). Colorectal cancer screening was the indication for 20% of colonoscopies. Abnormal findings were reported for 54.8% of the endoscopies (polyps for 287218 procedures and cancer for 32799). Failure was noted in 4.9% of colonoscopies. The complication rate was 0.48%. Most polyps were adenomas (64.4%) or hyperplasic polyps (28.1%). The overall estimated number of colonoscopies with polypectomy was 224133. CONCLUSION: In 2000 there was an increased rate of colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening (20%) but an overall decrease (2.5%) in the total number of colonoscopies compared to 1999. Abnormal findings were disclosed by 54.8% of the procedures. Extrapolation from these data indicates that colonoscopic screening enabled the diagnosis of 32799 colorectal cancers. 相似文献
80.