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51.
Background
Medical intelligence of disease vectors deals with understanding vector distribution and control.Methods
An entomological baseline survey using standard vector sampling techniques was done as a pilot study to map the vectors of defence importance in two cantonments of Pune with a view to establish a vector databank and impart training to armed forces personnel in vector surveillance.Result
The project trained 142 armed forces personnel in surveillance techniques in three years. Seventeen species of mosquitoes comprising of eight vector species were collected. Three other vectors viz. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptotrombidium deliense are reported.Conclusion
The study emphasizes the need for vector mapping /surveillance in each area for preventing morbidity and mortality amongst troops. It also focuses on indigenous fabrication of vector sampling tools and training of personnel for capacity building which in turn will enable such surveys to be undertaken in other units and deployment areas.Key Words: Leptotrombidium, Mosquitoes, Rhipicephalus, Surveillance, Xenopsylla 相似文献52.
53.
Biodegradable epoxy–polyester resins were synthesized in two steps: (1) the synthesis of the polyesters with allyl pendant groups, and (2) the epoxidation of the allyl groups in the polyesters. Polyesters with allyl pendant groups were synthesized by the melt copolymerization of succinic anhydride (SA) and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) in the presence of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMAC) as the catalyst. The functionality of some polyesters was reduced by replacing a part of AGE with butyl glycidyl ether (BGE). The epoxidation of the polyesters obtained was carried out using m‐chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA). The multifunctional epoxy–polyester resins were cured with different amounts of glutaric anhydride (GA). The course of the curing process was monitored using DSC method. The following parameters of the process were determined: heat of curing, onset, maximal and end temperatures. Glass transition temperatures (Tg s) of the cured resins were determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The influence of the composition of the initial resins and amount of GA on the properties of the cured products, such as density, hardness, Tg values, swelling and water sorption, were examined. Epoxy–polyester resins were subjected to the test of accelerated hydrolytic degradation in an aqueous phosphate buffer of pH = 7.4 at 70°C. 相似文献
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Anna-Kaisa Eerola Henni Ruokolainen Ylermi Soini Hannu Raunio Paavo PÄÄKKÖ 《Pathology oncology research : POR》1999,5(3):179-186
In order to test the hypothesis that increased apoptotic activity is connected with neuroendocrine differentiation and low
differentiation degree in large cell carcinoma (LCLC) and is regulated by bcl-2 family proteins, we analysed the extent of
apoptosis and tumor necrosis and their relation to the expression of bcl-2, bax, bak and mcl-1 in 35 LCLCs, of which 20 were
classified as large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (LCNEC) and 15 as large cell non-neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (LCNNEC).
The extent of apoptosis was determined by detecting and counting the relative and absolute numbers of apoptotic cells and
bodies using in situ 3′-end labelling of the apoptotic DNA. The extent and intensity of expression of the bcl-2, bax, bak
and mcl-1 proteins were studied by immunohistochemistry. Also the relative volume density of necrosis was evaluated and correlated
with the other parameters. Finally, all the parameters were evaluated as prognostic markers and correlated with data on the
survival of the patients. Relatively high apoptotic indices were seen in both tumor types (average for both 2.53%, range 0.09–27.01%).
Significantly higher bcl-2 and bak indices were detected more often in LCNECs than in LCNNECs. Immunohistochemically detected
bax, bcl-2 and bak expression was independent of apoptotic index in both tumor types, while there was a statistically significant
positive association between mcl-1 expression and apoptotic index in LCNNEC but not in LCNEC. There was a statistically significant
association between high apoptotic index and shortened survival in LCLC. However, no association was found between tumor stage
and apoptosis. The patients with LCNEC and low bcl-2 protein expression had a significantly shorter survival time than those
with high bcl-2 indices. There was also a clear association between shortened survival and necrotic LCNNEC. LCLCs show relatively
high apoptotic activity, which is associated with shortened survival. The expression of bcl-2, bak and mcl-1 is associated
with neuroendocrine differentiation in LCLC. Finally, our results support some previous reports suggesting that bcl-2 expression
in combination with some other markers involved in apoptosis and/or proliferation may be of prognostic value in cases of lung
carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. 179-186, 1999) 相似文献
58.
Background
Migrants from countries with a high-burden of tuberculosis (TB) are at a particular risk of contracting and developing the disease. In Sweden, new immigrants are routinely offered screening for the disease, yet very little is known about their beliefs about the disease which may affect healthcare-seeking behaviours. In this study we assessed recent immigrant students' knowledge of, and attitudes towards TB, and their relationship with the screening process. 相似文献59.
DNA amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of a repetitive sequence specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, from clinical samples of extra pulmonary origin were evaluated. The 123 base pair fragment of the insertion element IS 6110 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis was amplified. A total of 50 samples were analysed by PCR and compared with culture on Lowenstein-Jensen medium (LJ) and the clinical findings of the patient. Out of the total 26 samples were positive by PCR, while only seven grew the bacilli in culture. 24 samples were negative by PCR and culture. All the seven samples that grew the bacilli on culture were positive by PCR. In remaining 19 cases that were positive by PCR but did not grow the bacilli clinical features, radiological findings and Mantoux test were strongly suggestive of M. tuberculosis. All the amplification negative cases had no positive evidence of tuberculosis but were being followed up. When correlated with culture and clinical history the sensitivity of PCR for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis was 100%. However, the specifity was only 55.8% as culture on LJ (Gold Standard) was positive in only 7 samples out of 26 samples that were positive by PCR.KEY WORDS: DNA Amplification, IS 6110, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 相似文献
60.
自美国国家骨髓库(NMDP)开展第一例无关供者移植以来,至今已有20年.NMDP目前的库容量已逾700万,已为6大洲提供了30 000多份无关供者造血干细胞.这一辉煌成就是美国国家骨髓库600多名工作人员共同努力的结果,同时也得益于广泛的国际合作,包括171个移植中心,73个供者中心,24个脐血库,97个骨髓采集中心,91个血液净化中心,26个HLA分型实验室和26个合作供者登记处.本文回顾了美国国家骨髓库的历史,阐述了20年来移植病人、移植物来源和预处理方案几方面的主要变化趋势. 相似文献