地尔硫(艹卓)抑制急性心肌缺血-再灌注损伤及对心肌保护作用的实验研究

目的:评价地尔硫的药物后处理,与缺血后处理相比,对于抑制心肌缺血一再灌注损伤及保护心肌组织的作用及相关机制.方法:72只实验大鼠随机分为6组,每组12只,包括假手术组、对照组、缺血后处理组、地尔硫草1组(D1组)、地尔硫草2组(D2组)、地尔硫 3组(D3组).假手术组:心脏只穿针不结扎;对照组:再灌注前由右颈动脉插管至主动脉窦部,注射0.9%生理盐水0.4ml,再灌注3 h;缺血后处理组:心肌缺血45 min后给予4轮30 s缺血、30 s再灌注处理;地尔硫草1组(D1组):再灌注前30 s注射50%地尔硫革注射液700μ/kg,2 min内注射完毕;地尔硫 2组(D2组):首次注射同D1组,之后以5μg/(kg·min)的速度维持推注2 h;地尔硫 3组(D3组):首次注射后以10μg/kg·min)的速度维持2 h.结果:与对照组相比,再灌注3 h后地尔硫各组心肌坏死面积显著减少、血清肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)水平较低、组织一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)水平较低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平较高,作用强度与缺血后处理组相近,D2组、D3组的左心室内压最大收缩和舒张变化速率(±dp/dtmax)均有显著提高.结论:在急性心肌缺血充分再灌注前,应用地尔硫行药物后处理,可减少心肌梗死面积、改善心功能、减低心肌组织内自由基水平,作用效果与灌注时限、剂量有一定关系.     

长闭塞时间冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变患者 介入治疗的效果及安全性

目的 回顾性分析长闭塞时间冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞（CTO）病变介入治疗的疗效及安全性。方法 2006年1月~2007年6月入院行冠脉造影检查发现有CTO病变并行经皮冠脉介入（PCI）治疗的358例患者。分组标准:病变闭塞时间≤12个月组（135例）,病变闭塞时间>12个月组（223例）。对两组患者临床资料、PCI结果以及围术期并发症和随访期间主要不良心脏事件（MACE）进行回顾性分析。结果 与病变闭塞时间≤12个月比较,闭塞时间>12个月组的CTO患者老年患者（≥60岁）、糖尿病患者比例高（P<0.01）,女性患者、高血压患者比例也高于闭塞时间≤12个月组（P<0.05）。闭塞时间>12个月组的CTO病变绝对性闭塞比例高(P<0.01),刀切状病变、长度≥15 mm或并发桥状侧支循环形成的CTO比例也均高于闭塞时间≤12个月组（均P<0.05）。两组病变和病例成功率无统计学差异（91% vs 95%, 93% vs 97%）。两组术中无死亡病例,术后住院期间无主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生,无患者进行急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）。术后MACE发生率1年随访结果无统计学差异。结论 PCI治疗闭塞时间较长的CTO病变也可获得较高的成功率和较好的近期临床效果。     

水化和他汀类药物预防对比剂肾病的临床观察

目的探讨他汀类药物在预防对比剂肾病(contras-t induced nephropathy,CIN)中的作用。方法选择行经皮冠状动脉造影病人115例,采用随机数字表法将病人分为他汀组(n=40)、水化组(n=34)以及对照组(n=41)。他汀组于冠状动脉造影术前3d开始每晚顿服阿托伐他汀20mg,水化组予0.9%氯化钠注射液静脉滴注,速度为1ml/(kg.h),一般于术前4h开始至术后12h结束,对照组未服用阿托伐他汀及其他调脂类药物亦未应用水化处理。观察患者术前1d、术后36～48h血清肌酐(Scr)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、尿白蛋白肌酐比(UACR)以及超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)的改变情况。结果他汀组及对照组两组患者术后血hsCRP、Scr,UACR较术前均升高(均P<0.05),而血Ccr较术前降低(P<0.05)。对照组患者术后血hsCRP、UACR较他汀组术后明显升高(P<0.05),对照组对比剂肾病发生率(9.76%)高于他汀组(5.00%)。水化组术后血hsCRP、Scr、UACR及血Ccr与术前相比差异无统计学意义,对比剂肾病发生率明显小于他汀组及对照组。结论造影剂可造成轻微的肾功能损害;术前3d使用他汀药物,可能具有减轻炎症反应、预防造影剂肾病发生的作用,但相比之下水化处理更能明显减少对比剂肾病的发生。     

中心动脉压与老年肾功能相关性的研究进展

中心动脉压与高血压靶器官损害之间存在许多联系,高血压靶器官损害的病理机制和中心动脉压相关。肾功能损害是老年高血压常见并发症,中心动脉压升高与老年高血压肾损害发生有非常密切的关系。降压治疗能显著降低肾脏早期损害,从而降低终末期肾病的发生率和病死率。现将中心动脉压与老年高血压人群肾功能关系做一综述。     

某高原部队335例血尿酸和血脂水平分析

目的:分析某高原部队官兵的血尿酸和血脂水平,为确保高原官兵健康提供实际依据。方法:2010年6月收集某高原部队官兵335例体检资料,根据血尿酸升高与否分为血尿酸升高组(133例)和血尿酸正常组(202例),比较两组血脂水平差异并分析其与血尿酸水平的相关性。结果:335例官兵体检中尿酸和血脂升高比例较大,分别占39.7%和21.5%;与血尿酸正常组比较,血尿酸升高组甘油三酯(TG)水平明显升高[(1.08±0.64)mmol/L比(1.36±1.03)mmol/L,P<0.05];但Pearson相关分析未显示血尿酸与总胆固醇(r=0.10,P=0.11)、TG(r=0.21,P=0.07)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(r=0.046,P=0.30)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(r=-0.03,P=0.38)存在相关性(P均>0.05)。结论:高原部队地处寒冷、缺氧的高海拔地区,饮食多为高脂等高热量食物,容易发生高脂血症和高尿酸血症,应在确保健康条件下,适当调整饮食结构,同时增加官兵防病意识,定期体检,做到早发现,早治疗和及早预防。     

体外反搏对代谢综合征患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨体外反搏对代谢综合征(MS)患者血管内皮功能及胰岛素抵抗的影响及其作用机制。方法MS患者50例随机分为两组,增强型体外反搏(EECP)组20例,对照组30例。两组均进行健康教育,血压不低于150/95mmHg的患者给予贝那普利治疗,在此基础上,EECP组给予1h/d,共36h的体外反搏治疗。两组治疗前后测定血压、空腹血糖、血脂、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)及肱动脉血管内皮依赖性舒张功能。结果两组治疗后内皮依赖性舒张功能均有改善(P<0.01),但EECP组改善更明显(Z=-3.743,P<0.01);EECP组患者治疗后空腹血糖、血清胰岛素水平明显下降(P<0.01),ISI明显升高(P<0.01),血脂代谢紊乱改善,甘油三酯降低(P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高(P<0.05)。结论体外反搏通过提高血流切应力,可明显改善MS患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能,改善胰岛素抵抗,为体外反搏的临床应用提供进一步的理论依据。     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值等4项指标对溃疡性结肠炎内镜活动度的判断价值

目的 探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophils-lymphocytes ratio,NLR)、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(monocyte-lymphocytes ratio,MLR)、C 反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation...     

Hypercoagulable state evaluated by thromboelastography in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy

The aims of this study were to evaluate the characteristics of hypercoagulable states in patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) via thromboelastography (TEG) and to identify risk factors. 235 MN patients who had undergone TEG examinations from 2011 to 2014 were included. An abnormality in at least two TEG parameters is considered a hypercoagulable state. Patient data was compared between the hypercoagulable and non-hypercoagulable groups. Potential risk factors for hypercoagulability were analyzed by logistic regression models. Subgroup analysis was performed in hypercoagulable patients. Compared to the non-hypercoagulable MN patients, the hypercoagulable patients showed a significantly higher proportion of female patients, urinary protein, platelet count, triglyceride and fibrinogen level, along with more severe hypoproteinemia and a reduction of serum antithrombin III. Correlation analysis showed that hypoproteinemia was the primary risk factor for hypercoagulability in MN patients. Among the hypercoagulable MN patients, a subgroup TEG parameter analysis showed that glucocorticoids-used subgroup and smoker subgroup had shortened time to initial fibrin formation (R value) and increased coagulation index respectively (P < 0.05), indicating a more serious hypercoagulable state. Meanwhile, the time to initial fibrin formation (R value) and time to clot formation (K value) of the statin-used patients were remarkably higher than those of the non-statin patients. TEG examinations facilitated the detection of hypercoagulable states in MN patients, and hypoproteinemia was the most important risk factor for hypercoagulability in these patients. The use of glucocorticoids and smoking may help to aggravate hypercoagulable states, while statin drugs may alleviate hypercoagulability.     

膳食营养对小学生氟斑牙发病程度的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of dietary nutrition on dental fluorosis degrees of school children in endemic fluorosis areas. Methods Two hundred and eight children aged 8 to 12 years were chosen using cluster random sampling method from a village of municipal suburban and a town of autonomous region, both with a history of serious endemic fluorosis. Morning urinary fluoride was measured by fluoride ion electrode. The Tooth Surface Index of Dean was applied to measure the severity of dental fluorosis. Food and nutrient intakes were analyzed according to the 3-day diet records and duplicate meals. Results The urinary fluoride concentration of the children in the town [(6.80±3.90)mg/L]was much higher than those in the village [(5.20±2.75)mg/L, t= 3.21, P < 0.01]. Dental fluorosis index of the children in the town was 1.9, higher than that of the village of 1.8 (H=10.266, P < 0.01). The town had more children with fluoride tooth degree higher than Ⅱ [63.3%(57/90)]than the village did[48.3% (57/118), χ2=4.633, P < 0.05]. A 3-days diet records showed that children in the village ate more protein, calcium, vitamin C and so on but less dietary fiber, vitamin E, magnesium than those in the town did(all P < 0.01). Duplicate meals revealed that children in the town had more daily intake of magnesium, lithium, lead and less cadmium than those of the village did(P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Children in the village had higher intake of fluoride[(2.24±1.18)mg/d]than those of the town [(1.78±0.06)mg/d, t = 4.21, P < 0.01]. Conclusions Healthy diet can reduce the incidence of dental fluorosis or mitigate the degree of the impairment. This study can provide scientific basis for the future control and elimination of endemic fluorosis.     

细胞因子在炎症性肠病中的意义

炎症性肠病（IBD）是一组病因未明的慢性非特异性肠道炎症性疾病，目前多数研究认为细胞因子，尤其是致炎因子与抗炎因子失衡在其发病中起重要作用。本文对各类细胞因子在IBD发生、发展和治疗中的作用作一综述。