Prevalence, clinical manifestations and endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis: a pathological review in China

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and define its clinical and endoscopic characteristics in Chinese patients. METHODS: Esophageal specimens obtained from January 2006 to December 2010 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University were reviewed, and the data on clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings of patients were obtained. Patients with eosinophils ≥15 per high power field (HPF) were identified as having EoE. RESULTS: A total of 12 patients met the criteria for EoE, establishing a prevalence of 0.34%. These patients presented with dysphagia (4/12, 33.3%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)‐like symptoms (3/12, 25.0%), abdominal pain (3/12, 25.0%) and others (2/12, 16.7%). The most common endoscopic finding was plaques (5/12, 41.7%), and other findings were irregular Z‐line (2/12, 16.7%), erosive esophagitis (2/12, 16.7%), white exudates (1/12, 8.3%), linear furrows (1/12, 8.3%), Schatzki ring (1/12, 8.3%), ulcers (1/12, 8.3%) and erythema (1/12, 8.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of EoE was 0.34% in our patients. Clinicians should pay attention to patients manifested with dysphagia and GERD‐like symptomes with endosopic findings of white exudates, plaques, Schatzki ring and linear furrows.     

中医痰液检验专家共识

中医痰液检验是中医临床诊断、治疗、预防、健康管理的重要信息来源。与西医痰液检验相比,中医痰液检验在标本采集、送检、实验方法、报告内容、临床应用上有显著特点。为促进临床实验室规范开展中医痰液检验工作,中国医师协会检验医师分会中医检验专业委员会、北京中医药学会中医检验专业委员会共同制定了《中医痰液检验专家共识》。本专家共识总结了迄今为止国内外已发表的中医痰液检验有关科学证据,并基于中国国情提出了临床应用推荐建议,可提高中医痰液检验质量。     

双黄连和清开灵注射剂对血培养干扰实验研究

目的探讨双黄连和清开灵注射剂对血培养的干扰作用。方法将双黄连和清开灵等不同浓度的药液注入血培养瓶中,加入一定浓度的菌液,观察阳性报警时间,并与不加药液的对照组进行比较。结果加入浓度依次为100%,50%清开灵的实验组与对照组相比,ATCC25922阳性报警时间依次延长19%,14%;ATCC25923阳性报警时间依次延长960.6%,136%。加入浓度依次为12.5%,25%,50%,100%双黄连的实验组与对照组相比,ATCC25922阳性报警时间依次延长40%,57%,171%,420%;ATCC25923培养7天均无报警。结论双黄连和清开灵对细菌有不同程度的干扰;双黄连对细菌的干扰作用大于清开灵;采集血培养标本应在应用这两种药物前抽取。     

Development of marine water quality criteria for inorganic mercury in China based on the retrievable toxicity data and a comparison with relevant criteria or guidelines

The development of marine water quality criteria (WQC) in China has been insufficient because data on the toxicity of pollutants for marine organisms based on the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method are lacking. The Chinese aquatic environmental quality standards, including those for seawater, were derived from the developed countries. Therefore, establishing Chinese marine WQC is crucial for identifying the sensitivity of marine species in China and will improve their protection from threats. Mercury (Hg) is one of the primary pollutants commonly exceeding Chinese seawater quality standards. Several countries have developed their marine WQC for inorganic Hg in the past decades, but no study has been conducted in China. In this study, 45 acute toxicity and 14 chronic toxicity data of inorganic Hg on the marine species which inhabit in China were obtained mainly from the ECOTOX database, the CNKI, and the Google Scholar. The acute and chronic hazardous concentrations for 5% of the species (HC₅) were calculated based on the best-fit distribution model Sweibull. The criteria for maximum and continuous concentrations of 1.30 and 0.66 μg/L, respectively, for inorganic Hg to protect marine organisms in China were derived by halving the HC₅ values. The criteria were comparable to those of the United States, Australia, and the European Union countries, indicating the general applicability of WQCs developed based on the classical SSD method using different species groups. This study may provide valuable information for assessing marine ecological risk in China.

     

Design,synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 3‐(thiophen‐2‐ylthio)pyridine derivatives as potential multitarget anticancer agents

A series of novel 3‐(thiophen‐2‐ylthio)pyridine derivatives as insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R) inhibitors was designed and synthesized. IGF‐1R kinase inhibitory activities and cytotoxicities against HepG2 and WSU‐DLCL2 cell lines were tested. For all of these compounds, potent cancer cell proliferation inhibitory activities were observed, but not through the inhibition of IGR‐1R. Selected compounds were further screened against various kinases. Typical compound 22 (50% inhibitory concentration [IC₅₀] values, HepG2: 2.98 ± 1.11 μM and WSU‐DLCL2: 4.34 ± 0.84 μM) exhibited good inhibitory activities against fibroblast growth factor receptor‐2 (FGFR2), FGFR3, epidermal growth factor receptor, Janus kinase, and RON (receptor originated from Nantes), with IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.14 to 12.20 μM. Additionally, the cell‐cycle analysis showed that compound 22 could arrest HepG2 cells in the G1/G0 phase. Taken together, all the experiments confirmed that the compounds in this series were multitarget anticancer agents worth further optimizing.     

套袖式吻合技术在腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的探讨套袖式吻合技术在腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术的安全性、有效性及近期疗效。 方法回顾性分析中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院2018年4月至2019年2月采用套袖式吻合技术完成的腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术患者的临床资料,统计并分析患者的临床特征、病理特征、手术和术后恢复情况、围手术期并发症及术后肛门功能等资料。 结果共有40例患者成功完成应用套袖式吻合技术的腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术,2例患者术中因结肠残端血供较差行预防性回肠造口,其中21例（52.5%）患者术前行新辅助治疗,肿瘤距肛缘中位距离为4 cm,中位手术时间为166.5 min,中位术中出血量为20.0 mL。肿瘤中位长径为2.5 cm,中位近端切缘长度为10.3 cm,中位远端切缘长度为1.0 cm,中位淋巴结检出数目为13.10枚。患者术后中位下地时间、进食时间、排气时间和住院时间分别为19.0 h、12.5 h、20.5 h和6.0 d,中位住院费用为47 646.0元。随访过程中,结肠残端回缩入盆腔的中位时间为12.0 d,其中4例（10%）患者术后出现吻合口漏,行临时性肠造口手术后逐渐好转,1例（2.5%）患者术后出现结肠残端出血,4例（10%）患者术后出现肛周粪水性皮炎,2例（5%）患者术后出现肛周疼痛,均予对症止处理后好转。术后3个月采用低前切除综合征（LARS）评分量表评估肛门功能,其中,8例（20%）无LARS,23例（57.5%）轻度LARS,9例（22.5%）重度LARS。随访期间无患者肿瘤复发或者转移。 结论应用套袖式吻合技术的腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术安全可行,避免了常规预防性造口,近期疗效较为满意,其远期疗效待进一步随访观察。