OCTA对青少年近视人群视网膜微血管密度的观察

目的：基于光学相干断层扫描血管成像（OCTA）技术探讨青少年儿童近视与视网膜表层微血管密度 及视网膜厚度的相关性。方法：横断面研究。共纳入2018年5─11月于四川大学华西医院眼科门 诊就诊的7～14岁青少年近视患者105例（193眼）。对所有受检者进行光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和 OCTA检查，量化分析黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度和各部位视网膜表层微血管密度。单因素方差分析比 较低、中、高度近视组各部位视网膜微血管密度及视网膜厚度的差异。采用Pearson相关系数探讨视 网膜厚度与各部位视网膜表层微血管密度的相关性。Spearman相关系数用于探讨等效球镜与中心凹、 旁中心凹视网膜表层微血管密度以及视网膜厚度的关系；分段多项式函数分析等效球镜度与外环及 直径6 mm完整视网膜表层微血管密度的关系。结果：旁中心凹、外环、直径6 mm完整区域视网膜 表层微血管密度在低、中、高度近视组间比较差异均具有统计学意义（F=11.651、14.499、14.232， 均P<0.001）。年龄与中心凹视网膜厚度之间有较弱正相关关系（r=0.187，P=0.011），与各部位微血管 密度均无相关性。等效球镜度与旁中心凹视网膜微血管密度有相关性（r=-0.301，P<0.001），与外环、 直径6 mm完整区域视网膜表层微血管密度呈曲线相关（r=-0.319，P<0.001；r=-0.307，P<0.001）。 但与中心凹视网膜表层微血管密度及视网膜厚度无显著相关性。此外，中心凹处视网膜厚度与微血 管密度呈正相关（r=0.691，P<0.001），与其余部位微血管密度无相关性。结论：青少年近视程度数 与旁中心凹、外环及直径6 mm完整区域视网膜表层微血管密度呈负相关；中心凹处视网膜厚度与年 龄、微血管密度呈正相关。     

Lower body mass index and higher height are correlated with increased varicocele risk

To evaluate the anthropometric indexes in subjects with varicocele compared to controls and the incidence of varicocele in different body mass index (BMI) groups for the purpose of exploring the association between varicocele and anthropometric indexes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted by using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE databases and Cochrane Library up to February 2019. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted by STATA, and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was utilised for assessing risk of bias. Ultimately, 13 articles containing seven case–control studies and six cross‐sectional studies with 1,385,630 subjects were involved in our study. Pooled results demonstrated that varicocele patients had a lower BMI (WMD = ?0.77, 95% CI = ?1.03 to ?0.51) and a higher height than nonvaricocele participants, especially in grade 3 varicocele patients. Subgroup analyses showed that normal BMI individuals had a higher risk of varicocele than obese or overweight individuals and a lower risk than underweight individuals. In conclusion, this study indicates that varicocele patients have a lower BMI and a higher height than nonvaricocele participants. Moreover, men with excess bodyweight have a lower incidence of varicocele compared to normal weight or underweight people. That is to say, high BMI and adiposity protect against varicocele and high BMI is associated with a decreased risk of varicocele.     

Colorectal serrated pathway cancers and precursors

The serrated pathway (SP) can be viewed as two parallel, but partially overlapping, arrays of colorectal precursor lesions, and their respective endpoint carcinomas, that are distinct from those of the conventional adenoma–carcinoma sequence (APC‐pathway). In this review we focus at the outset on the clinical impact, pathological features, molecular genetics and biological behaviours of the various SP cancers. Then we summarize the clinicopathological features, classification and molecular profiles of the two main precursor lesions that anchor the respective pathways: (i) sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P), also called sessile serrated lesion (SSL), and (ii) traditional serrated adenoma (TSA). Activating mutations of the RAS–RAF–MAPK pathway initiate and sustain the lesions of the SP, and CpG island methylation of the promoter regions of tumour suppressor and DNA repair genes play the major role in their neoplastic progression. The SP includes microsatellite stable (MSS) carcinomas that are among the most biologically aggressive colorectal carcinomas (CRC), and also accounts for the great preponderance of sporadic hypermutated, mismatch repair (MMR)‐deficient or microsatellite instable (MSI) CRC. The identification, removal and appropriate classification of at‐risk SP precursors and surveillance of individuals who harbour these lesions present a challenge and opportunity for CRC prevention and mortality reduction.     

miR-26b通过调节Notch1信号通路参与原发性肝细胞肝癌侵袭的机制研究

目的:探讨miR-26b参与原发性肝细胞肝癌（HCC）侵袭的机制。方法:在细胞培养液中培养人肝细胞系HL-7702和HCC细胞各系Hepb-3、HuH-7、MHCC97-L、MHCC97-H。实时荧光定量PCR法（qRT-PCR）检测miR-26b的表达水平；用miR-26b mimics、miR-26b inhibitors和Notch1-siRNA分别转染HCC细胞；MTT实验检测转染后HCC细胞的活力；采用Western blot检测Notch1受体蛋白表达水平的变化；Transwell小室测定不同处理后的HCC细胞的侵袭能力。结果:人正常肝细胞系HL-7702和HCC细胞系Hepb-3、HuH-7、MHCC97-L、MHCC97-H中的miR-26b相对表达含量随其侵袭和迁移能力的升高而依次下降；抑制miR-26b的表达，Notch1受体蛋白表达明显增高，而此时HCC细胞的侵袭性显著增强；相反，上调miR-26b的表达，Notch1受体蛋白表达明显降低，而HCC细胞侵袭性显著下降；miR-26b可能通过调控Notch1信号通路调节HCC细胞侵袭性。结论:miR-26b通过负调控Notch1信号通路抑制HCC细胞侵袭能力，为HCC侵袭的机制奠定了理论基础，miR-26b可能成为HCC治疗的新靶点。     

急性肺血栓栓塞的急诊诊疗研究进展

急性肺血栓栓塞(APTE)是内科的危急重症之一,是以肺部功能障碍及右心室功能不全为主要特征的心血管疾病。其临床表现复杂,但又缺乏特异性表现,因而易与其他疾病相混淆,造成误诊、漏诊。近年来,APTE的发病率以及致死率呈逐年上升的趋势,使患者的生命健康受到严重威胁。该文系统总结了APTE的诱发因素以及病理学特点,详细介绍了实验室检查以及常用的影像学检查等先进手段,并针对APTE的紧急处理以及当前主要的溶栓和抗凝治疗方法进行概述。     

护士个人与组织契合度的研究进展

综述护士个人-组织契合度的概念、评估工具以及现状,通过分析影响护士个人-组织契合度的因素,明确提高护士个人-组织契合度的策略,以期为护理管理者改善护士工作环境,构建良好稳固的护理队伍提供参考.