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81.
Lalit?DandonaEmail author Pratap?Sisodia SG?Prem?Kumar YK?Ramesh A?Anod?Kumar M?Chalapathi?Rao Elliot?Marseille M?Someshwar Nell?Marshall James?G?Kahn 《BMC public health》2005,5(1):98
Background
Female sex workers and their clients play a prominent role in the HIV epidemic in India. Systematic data on the outputs, cost and efficiency for HIV prevention programmes for female sex workers in India are not readily available to understand programme functioning and guide efficient use of resources. 相似文献82.
Elisa?Lloyd-Smith Thomas?Kerr Robert?S?Hogg Kathy?Li Julio?SG?Montaner Evan?WoodEmail author 《Harm reduction journal》2005,2(1):24
Recent studies have indicated that injection-related infections such as abscesses and cellulitis account for the majority
of emergency room visits and acute hospitalizations accrued by local injection drug users. The objective of this analysis
was to examine the prevalence and correlates of developing an abscess among a cohort of injection drug users in Vancouver
and to identify socio-demographic and drug use variables associated with abscesses at baseline. We examined abscesses among
participants enrolled in a prospective cohort of injection drug users. Categorical variables were analyzed using the Pearson's
chi-square test and continuous variables were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Among 1 585 baseline participants,
341 (21.5%) reported having an abscess in the last six months. In a logistic regression model that adjusted for all variables
that were associated with having an abscess at p < 0.1 in univariate analyses, female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 1.7, [95%CI:
1.2 – 2.4]; p = 0.002), recent incarceration (OR = 1.7, [95%CI: 1.3 – 2.2]; p < 0.001), sex trade involvement (OR = 1.4 [95%
CI: 1.0 – 2.0]; p = 0.03), frequent cocaine use (OR = 1.5 [95%CI: 1.2 – 2.0]; p = 0.002) and HIV serostatus (OR = 1.5, [95%CI:
1.2 – 2.0]; p = 0.003) were positively associated with having an abscess. Explanations for these associations require further
study, and interventions are needed to address this highly prevalent concern. 相似文献
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Background
Relatively little is known about the incidence of prescribing errors and there has been no work on this in a single specialty ophthalmic hospital. Knowing where and when errors are most likely to occur is generally felt to be the first step in trying to prevent these errors. This study is an attempt in, the setting of an eye hospital, to try to identify and attribute these medication errors. 相似文献84.
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Brandon DL. Marshall Evan Wood Jean A. Shoveller Jane A. Buxton Julio SG. Montaner Thomas Kerr 《Prevention science》2011,12(2):173-180
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of initiating methamphetamine injection among a cohort
of injection drug users (IDU). We conducted a longitudinal analysis of IDU participating in a prospective study between June
2001 and May 2008 in Vancouver, Canada. IDU who had never reported injecting methamphetamine at the study’s commencement were
eligible. We used Cox proportional hazards models to identify the predictors of initiating methamphetamine injection. The
outcome was time to first report of methamphetamine injection. Time-updated independent variables of interest included sociodemographic
characteristics, drug use patterns, and social, economic and environmental factors. Of 1317 eligible individuals, the median
age was 39.9 and 522 (39.6%) were female. At the study’s conclusion, 200 (15.2%) participants had initiated injecting methamphetamine
(incidence density: 4.3 per 100 person-years). In multivariate analysis, age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.96 per year older,
95%CI: 0.95–0.98), female sex (aHR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.41–0.82), sexual abuse (aHR: 1.63, 95%CI: 1.18–2.23), using drugs in Vancouver’s
drug scene epicentre (aHR: 2.15 95%CI: 1.49–3.10), homelessness (aHR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.01–2.04), non-injection crack cocaine
use (aHR: 2.06, 95%CI: 1.36–3.14), and non-injection methamphetamine use (aHR: 3.69, 95%CI: 2.03–6.70) were associated with
initiating methamphetamine injection. We observed a high incidence of methamphetamine initiation, particularly among young
IDU, stimulant users, homeless individuals, and those involved in the city’s open drug scene. These data should be useful
for the development of a broad set of interventions aimed at reducing initiation into methamphetamine injection among IDU. 相似文献
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