Anterior tibial artery and its actual projection on the lateral aspect of the tibia: a cadaveric study

The anterior tibial artery (ATA) is at risk of injury during high tibial osteotomy, Ilizarov wire placement, pin placement in external fixation, or proximal locking screw insertion, as the artery is not visualized intraoperatively. The ATA is anchored to the oval foramen of the interosseous membrane on the proximal tibia by the deep fascia and recurrent genicular vascular branches. Segment 1 (from the bifurcation of the popliteal artery to the level of the interosseous foramen) and the proximal part of segment 2 (from the interosseous foramen to the level where the artery crosses the anterior border of the tibia) may be damaged when pin, wire or screw placement is directed posterolaterally at that level. Distally, a straight mediolateral pin or Ilizarov wires may lacerate the artery. Segment 2 of the ATA descends against the interosseous membrane in its proximal part, which is projected on the posterior third of the tibia relative to the sagittal plane; in its middle part, it runs close to the lateral cortex of the tibia, it is projected on the middle third of the tibia; in its distal part it runs gradually towards the anterior third of the tibia and contacts with the anterior third of the tibial cortical surface. This information may help reduce risk of injury to the ATA during high tibial osteotomy, external fixation and pin placement or insertion of locking screws.     

Linkage Disequilibrium and Haplotype Architecture for two ABC Transporter Genes (ABCC1 and ABCG2) in Chinese Population: Implications for Pharmacogenomic Association Studies

Information about linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns and haplotype structures for candidate genes is instructive for the design and analysis of genetic association studies for complex diseases and drug response. ABCC1 and ABCG2 are genes coding for two multidrug resistance (MDR) associated transporters; they are also related to some pathophysiological traits. To pinpoint the LD profiles of these MDR genes in Chinese, we systemically screened 27 unrelated individuals for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding and regulatory regions of these genes, and thereby characterized their haplotype structures. Despite marked variations in haplotype diversity, LD pattern and intragenic recombination intensity between the two genes, both loci could be partitioned into several LD blocks, in which a modest number of haplotypes accounted for a high fraction of the sampled chromosomes. We concluded that each locus has its own genomic LD profile, but that they still share a common segmental LD architecture with low haplotype diversity. Our data will benefit genetic association studies of complex traits and drug response possibly related to these genes.     

小鼠胃癌MAGE3抗原H-2K~k限制性抗原肽的筛选

本研究对小鼠胃癌MAGE3抗原H 2Kk 限制性的抗原肽进行了筛选。用CTL表位预测的基序法对易与H 2Kk 结合的多肽序列进行了预测并人工合成了 4个多肽。在体外检测了各多肽刺激H 2Kk 型小鼠T细胞增殖和分泌IFN γ的能力 ,同时测定了各多肽诱导出的CTL对小鼠前胃癌细胞株MFC细胞的杀伤活性。结果显示 ,抗原肽MAGE31 3 0 1 3 7可有效地刺激特异性T细胞的增殖和分泌细胞因子IFN γ ,其诱导出的CTL细胞对MFC细胞也有较高的杀伤活性。这些实验结果证实抗原肽MAGE31 3 0 1 3 7可以作为多肽疫苗来对表达MAGE3抗原的H 2Kk 型小鼠胃癌进行免疫治疗。     

内洋地黄素拮抗剂上调缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌细胞膜钠泵亚基的表达

目的： 观察内洋地黄素特异性拮抗剂地高辛抗血清对心肌缺血再灌注（MIR）损伤大鼠心肌组织内洋地黄素水平、钠泵活性、线粒体总钙浓度以及钠泵各亚基基因表达的影响，探讨内洋地黄素在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及其机制。方法: 将56只雄性SD大鼠随机分成7组，每组8只。假手术对照组（sham）：丝线穿过左冠状动脉前降支，但不结扎；缺血再灌注组（MIR）：结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min，再灌注45 min；生理盐水组（NS）、维拉帕米组（Ver）、小剂量、中剂量、大剂量地高辛抗血清组（ADA）：于再灌注前5 min经股静脉分别注射生理盐水、维拉帕米5 mg·kg^-1、地高辛抗血清8.6 mg·kg^-1、 17.3 mg·kg^-1、34.5 mg·kg^-1，容积均为5 mL·kg^-1，5 min内注射完毕，其余同MIR模型组。再灌注结束后，立即取缺血区左室心肌检测心肌匀浆内洋地黄素水平、心肌细胞膜Na+ K+_ATP酶和Ca2+_Mg2+_ATP酶活性、线粒体总钙浓度；分别采用RT-PCR及Western blotting方法和免疫组化方法检测心肌钠泵α₁、α₂、α₃和β₁亚基mRNA及蛋白水平基因表达的改变。结果: 心肌缺血再灌注损伤时，心肌组织内洋地黄素水平明显升高，心肌细胞膜钠泵和Ca2+_Mg2+_ATP酶活性显著下降，线粒体总钙浓度升高，钠泵α₁、α₂、α₃和β₁亚基在mRNA及蛋白水平基因表达均明显下降；维拉帕米除具有降低线粒体总钙浓度外，对其它各项指标无明显影响。地高辛抗血清呈剂量依赖性地显著降低心肌组织内洋地黄素水平，恢复细胞膜钠泵和Ca2+_Mg2+_ATP酶活性，降低线粒体总钙浓度，上调钠泵α₁、α₂、α₃和β₁亚基mRNA及蛋白水平的基因表达。结论: 心肌缺血再灌注促进机体内洋地黄素分泌增加，后者通过下调心肌细胞膜上的钠泵α₁、α₂、α₃和β₁亚基基因表达抑制钠泵活性，进而抑制Ca2+_Mg2+_ATP酶活性，导致线粒体内钙超载，介导心肌缺血再灌注损伤。内洋地黄素特异性拮抗剂地高辛抗血清通过阻断内洋地黄素的生物学作用，上调钠泵各亚基的基因表达，发挥其抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用。     

猫延髓背角第Ⅴ层的细胞构筑学研究

本文应用Nissl法,Luxol Fast Blue法及Golgi法对猫延髓尾段背角(三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核)第Ⅴ层进行了系统的细胞构筑学研究。发现此层中含有大、中、小型神经元,其中中型最多,小型次之,大型最少。依树突分支形态及树突棘的多寡,将第Ⅴ层中的神经元分成辐射状和丛状两大类。前者又可分成锥体型、多极型及“双极型”神经元。其中,锥体型与多极型神经元各包括着有棘的及平滑的两类。本文并结合电生理学、细胞内注射技术及HRP追踪技术的研究结果,对第Ⅴ层中神经元的功能进行了探讨。     

盐酸替罗非班对活动平板运动试验ST段抬高患者TIMI血流分级的影响

目的:观察盐酸替罗非班对平板运动试验中ST段抬高患者TIMI血流分级的影响。方法:将平板运动试验ST段抬高患者35例按就诊顺序随机双盲分为受试组(n=18)和对照组(n=17),受试组在对照组给予阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、肝素等基础治疗上加用盐酸替罗非班,所有患者疗程结束后均行选择性冠状动脉血管造影(SCA)检查,观察两组患者治疗后TIMI血流情况。结果:与对照组相比,受试组应用盐酸替罗非班后TIMI血流分级提高,达2级血流者比例高于对照组(44.44%比11.76%,P<0.05);受试组完全闭塞者比例明显低于对照组(5.56%比35.29%,P<0.05)。结论:盐酸替罗非班可以改善平板运动试验中ST段抬高患者TIMI血流分级。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者抗病毒治疗前PBMC细胞因子的研究

目的 研究准备抗病毒治疗的慢性丙型肝炎患者的免疫特点.方法 将30例慢性丙型肝炎患者和10例正常对照外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)体外培养72 h后,用ELISA法检测培养上清中细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、IL-12、IFN-γ和TNF-α的浓度.结果 (1)慢性丙型肝炎患者PBMC培养上清中IFN-γ、IL-10和TNF-α的水平明显升高(P＜0.05),没有检测到IL-2、IL-4、IL-12的基础分泌.(2)不同病情患者间的细胞因子的分泌水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 慢性丙型肝炎患者体内TH2型细胞因子的分泌占优势.提示通过调整TH1/TH2失衡可能达到抗病毒治疗目的.     

聚醚砜表面光固定脲酶的研究

我们利用含芳香叠氮基的光活性酯将脲酶光固定在聚醚砚（Polyether sulfone,PES）膜的表面。同时研究了紫外光辐照时间对固定化脲酶密度、固定化脲酶活性的影响，温度、PH值对自由脲酶、固定化脲酶相对活性的影响；并考察了固定化脲酶的相对活性随光活性酶浓度的变化、固定化脲酶的重复使用次数及储存稳定性等性质。结果表明，PES膜表面固定化脲酶的浓度为0.33mg/cm^2；当紫外光辐照时间为5分钟时，固定化脲酶的相对活性最高；固定化脲酶的最适Ph值和最适温度分别为7℃和50 ℃；在50℃时，连续使用12次后，固定化脲酶仍具有50%的催化活性；在4℃保存储存一个多月仍可保持80%的催化活性。