Ovulationshemmer bei Risikogruppen

Severe adverse effects during the use of ovulation inhibitors occur mostly in women who have an elevated risk for the development of certain diseases owing to hereditary or acquired factors. By means of a careful personal or family history analysis as well as specific laboratory examinations, an existing predisposition may frequently be diagnosed and the individual risk associated with the use of oral contraceptive inhibitors may be estimated. The present contribution describes the potential effects of treatment with ovulation inhibitors on women with thrombophilia, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, overweight or underweight, tumors, psychiatric and neurological diseases and autoimmune disease. The hormonal methods and non-hormonal alternatives available for contraception are elucidated according to existing lesions and risk factors and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed.     

Hemichorea associated with polycythaemia vera

Abstract Chorea is a rare complication of polycythaemia vera. Polycythaemic chorea occurs predominantly in females and usually in generalised form. We present a 66-year-old woman with acute onset hemichorea-ballism with no vascular pathology in the basal ganglia region. A clear relationship was observed between the onset of chorea and worsening of haematological parameters in the patient. After repeated phlebotomies the patient's clinical status was improved. Polycythaemic chorea must be considered, especially in the elderly, as early diagnosis leads to effective treatment and prevention of complications.     

Tuberculosis trends in Madrid, 1994-2003: impact of immigration and HIV infection.

SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) cases reported from nine districts of Madrid, where the percentage of immigrant population varied from 1.9% in 1996 to 12.2% in 2003. OBJECTIVE: To describe the trends in TB incidence from 1994 to 2003. DESIGN: Observational study. RESULTS: Between 1994-1995 and 2002-2003, the TB rate decreased from 48.5 (95% CI 45.8-51.1) to 23.3 per 100000 population (95% CI 21.5-25.1) (P < 0.001). The percentage of TB cases co-infected with HIV decreased from 55.9% in 1994 to 14.3% in 2003 (P < 0.001), whereas TB cases in foreigners increased from 2.6% in 1994 to 33.7% in 2003 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Although the TB rates showed a marked decrease in the study period, the increasing impact of immigration contributed to slowing down the trend.     

Erythropoietin stimulates wound healing and angiogenesis in mice.

Erythropoietin exerts hematopoietic effects by stimulating proliferation of early erythroid precursors. Nonhematopoietic effects of erythropoietin have also been shown. It may act as a new angiogenic factor in wound healing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of systemic administration of recombinant human erythropoietin on wound healing in mice. Dorsal incisional wounds were performed in mice, which were then divided into two groups; a group treated for 7 days with recombinant human erythropoietin, and a control group. Sacrificing animals on day 7, the wound tissues were collected for analysis of wound breaking strength, malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation, hydroxyproline, an index of reparative collagen deposition, reduced glutathione levels, and for histological evaluation. The immunohistochemical determination of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which is believed to be the most prevalent angiogenic factor throughout the skin repair process, was also studied. The treatment significantly increased wound breaking strength by decreasing malondialdehyde and increasing hydroxyproline levels on day 7 after wounding. No statistically meaningful change was observed in reduced glutathione content. VEGF was immunostained significantly more on wound tissue of treated animals compared to the control group. Recombinant human erythropoietin treatment may be effective in wound healing due to inhibition of lipid peroxidation, deposition of collagen, and VEGF expression in wound area.     

Synthesis of 1-alkyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline derivatives and study of their effect on arterial pressure

A series of 1-alkyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and the related 4-alkyl-1,2-dihydro-benzo[f]isoquinolines was synthesized using reactions of dialkylbenzylcarbinols and their naphthyl analogs with alkylcyanides. Experiments showed that 1-alkyl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines typically produce a hypotensive action, while the benzo-annelated structures usually exhibit a hypertensive effects. The most active compound decreases the arterial pressure in cats by 52 Torr and the effect lasts for about 4 hours. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 15–17, March, 2006.     

神经纤维瘤蛋白在先天性脊柱侧凸患者成骨细胞和软骨细胞中的表达

目的：检测神经纤维瘤蛋白在先天性脊柱侧凸患者成骨细胞和软骨细胞中的表达。方法：6例先天性脊柱侧凸患者，在后路手术时取髂骨及髂骨生长板，分离、培养成骨细胞和软骨细胞，分别行碱性磷酸酶染色和甲苯胺蓝染色。逆转录-多聚酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测神经纤维瘤蛋白mRNA．间接免疫荧光和Westemblot检测神经纤维瘤蛋白在成骨细胞和软骨细胞中的表达。结果：先天性脊柱侧凸患者成骨细胞和软骨细胞中存在Ⅱ型神经纤维瘤蛋白表达，该蛋白主要分布在细胞浆，所表达蛋白为三磷酸鸟苷酶活化蛋白（GAP）活性较弱的Ⅱ型异构体。结论：先天性脊柱侧凸患者成骨细胞和软骨细胞中存在神经纤维瘤蛋白表达，但该蛋白是否通过对成骨细胞和软骨细胞的影响导致骨骼系统异常还有待于进一步研究。     

黄葵和银杏叶提取物对实验性肾病综合征的疗效比较及机理探讨

目的观察黄葵和银杏叶提取物(ECB761)对实验性肾病综合征的疗效,并探讨可能机理。方法按体重将大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、模型 EGB761组、模型 黄葵组；正常组一次性注射生理盐水,其余各组一次性尾静脉注射阿霉素(ADR)制成微小病变型肾病综合征(MCNS)模型；两治疗组于造模2周后开始用药,各组每2周测定24 h尿蛋白,实验8周末测定血清TP、Alb、总SOD、MDA含量；肾组织作光镜、电镜检查。结果(1)两治疗组尿蛋白量下降幅度均显著大于模型组(P＜0．01)；(2)实验8周末,两治疗组血清TP、Alb升高幅度均显著大于模型组(P＜0．01和P＜0．05)。(3)两治疗组总SOD水平均显著高于模型组(P＜0．01),MDA显著低于模型组。结论黄葵和EGB761能显著降低MCNS模型大鼠的蛋白尿；其减轻尿蛋白的作用与清除氧自由基有关。