Genetic contributions to Parkinson's disease

Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the loss of midbrain dopamine neurons and Lewy body inclusions. It is thought to result from a complex interaction between multiple predisposing genes and environmental influences, although these interactions are still poorly understood. Several causative genes have been identified in different families. Mutations in two genes [α-synuclein and nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1)] cause the same pathology, and a third locus on chromosome 2 also causes this pathology. Other familial PD mutations have identified genes involved in the ubiquitin–proteasome system [parkin and ubiquitin C-terminal hydroxylase L1 (UCHL1)], although such cases do not produce Lewy bodies. These studies highlight critical cellular proteins and mechanisms for dopamine neuron survival as disrupted in Parkinson's disease. Understanding the genetic variations impacting on dopamine neurons may illuminate other molecular mechanisms involved. Additional candidate genes involved in dopamine cell survival, dopamine synthesis, metabolism and function, energy supply, oxidative stress, and cellular detoxification have been indicated by transgenic animal models and/or screened in human populations with differing results. Genetic variation in genes known to produce different patterns and types of neurodegeneration that may impact on the function of dopamine neurons are also reviewed. These studies suggest that environment and genetic background are likely to have a significant influence on susceptibility to Parkinson's disease. The identification of multiple genes predisposing to Parkinson's disease will assist in determining the cellular pathway/s leading to the neurodegeneration observed in this disease.     

二十二碳六烯酸对神经细胞生长发育的影响

目的：观察二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）对神经细胞生长发育的影响。方法：将无血清培养的新生大鼠大脑神经细胞分为实验组和对照组，实验组加入0.33mol/L乳化DHA 40μl。对两组细胞进行形态学观察及蛋白质含量测定。结果：实验组大脑神经细胞的突起生长速度、胞体面积和直径、神经细胞存活率及蛋白质含量均显著高于对照组。结论：DHA对神经细胞的生长有促进作用，这一作用可能与促进神经细胞蛋白质合成有关。     

数字减影子宫输卵管造影术

目的:介绍和评价数字减影与自动高压注射器联合应用于子宫输卵管造影(HSG)。方法:自行设计造影用硅胶管使之能与自动高压注射器相联接,用40%泛影葡胺和数字减影方法作造影;随机抽取常规透视点片碘油造影片44份,数字减影泛影葡胺造影片50份进行对照分析。结果:两组比较:清晰度宫腔无显著性差异(P>0.05),输卵管有显著性差异(P<0.05);输卵管通畅率、血管或(和)淋巴管回流率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。盆腔涂布无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:采用数字减影与高压注射器行子宫输卵管造影能提高造影质量。     

运用心理护理程序开展无偿献血者心理护理的现状

按心理护理程序实施步骤综述了采供血机构开展无偿献血心理护理的现状,提出应尽快拓宽采供血机构医护人员心理学知识,提高心理护理技能水平,构建科学合理的采供血机构心理护理模式.     

Distribution of rat facial motoneurons and its reorganization following nerve reinnervation]

OBJECTIVE: To examine the distribution of rat facial motoneurons contributing different branches under normal situation and when nerve reinnervation occurred following facial nerve axotomy. METHODS: The normal distribution of motoneurons innervated both buccal and marginal mandibular branches and its reorganization after facial nerve reinnervation was observed using retrograde labeling with fluorescein. RESULTS: Under normal situation, the motoneurons contributing buccall and marginal mandibular branches were primarily distributed in the intermedial and lateral subnucleus in facial nucleus and almost completely overlapped. The two types labeled neurons organized closely, but there were no double-labeled neurons. Although the motoneurons contributing buccall and marginal mandibular branches were primarily overlapped 4 month post-anastomosis, the number of the labeled neurons obviously decreased and the organization got more scattered. There were 10% of buccall branches, 5% of marginal mandibular motoneurons in the dorsal subnuleus, 1% of buccall and 4% of marginal mandibular in dorsal ventral and medial subnucleus. The distribution pattern of the motoneurons 6 month post-anastomosis was similar to that of 4 month post-anastomosis, but the number of the labeled neurons increased, and there were 1%-2% double-labeled neurons. CONCLUSION: The distribution pattern of motoneurons innervated both buccal and marginal mandibular branches indicates that it should exist wide-spread communicating branches, and its reorganization after facial nerve reinnervation suggests that misdirected regeneration occurs among motoneurons innervating different branches.     

辣椒中辣椒素含量的测定

本文作者改进了辣椒中辣椒素含量的测定法。即通过增设洋品空白管以消除色素的干扰;改变 Na_2CO_3溶液的浓度以缓和其操作条件及防止在低温时产生沉淀。本改良法具有简便、快速和重现性好之优点。