一例纯种雌马驹屈腱挛缩病的诊疗

本文结合临床所遇一雌性马驹屈腱挛缩病例,对其发病情况、诊断要点、中西药治疗方法和预防措施进行了论述,以供同行在临床实践中参考。     

紫杉醇联合表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对肝癌细胞增殖及荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用

目的探讨表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)联合紫杉醇对肝癌Hep G2细胞增殖及荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用。方法将Hep G2细胞分为对照组、EGCG组、紫杉醇组、EGCG联合紫杉醇组。噻唑蓝法观察不同药物干预对Hep G2细胞增殖的抑制作用,流式细胞术检测Hep G2细胞凋亡。构建肝癌细胞体外肿瘤球,比较各组药物对肿瘤球生长的抑制作用。构建裸鼠肝癌异位肿瘤模型,比较各组裸鼠肿瘤生长抑制率。结果给药24、48 h后,EGCG组、紫杉醇组、EGCG联合紫杉醇组Hep G2细胞增殖抑制率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),EGCG联合紫杉醇组Hep G2细胞增殖抑制率显著高于EGCG组和紫杉醇组(P<0.01)。EGCG组、紫杉醇组、EGCG联合紫杉醇组Hep G2细胞凋亡率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),EGCG联合紫杉醇组Hep G2细胞凋亡率显著高于EGCG组和紫杉醇组(P<0.01)。EGCG组、紫杉醇组、EGCG联合紫杉醇组Hep G2细胞肿瘤球生长抑制显著高于对照组(P<0.01),EGCG联合紫杉醇组Hep G2细胞肿瘤球生长抑制显著高于EGCG组和紫杉醇组(P<0.01)。EGCG组、紫杉醇组、EGCG联合紫杉醇组荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤质量显著低于对照组(P<0.01),EGCG联合紫杉醇组荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤质量显著低于EGCG组和紫杉醇组(P<0.01)。EGCG组、紫杉醇组、EGCG联合紫杉醇组荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长抑制率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),EGCG联合紫杉醇组荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长抑制率显著高于EGCG组和紫杉醇组(P<0.01)。结论 EGCG联合紫杉醇能够有效抑制肝癌细胞的增殖和肿瘤的生长。     

急性心肌梗死后心脏破裂的发病机制

心脏破裂是急性心肌梗死(AMI)最严重的并发症之一,占AMI院内死因的20%~31%。心脏破裂的发病机制复杂,可能与AMI后心肌抗张强度降低;过度的炎性反应,各种促炎性细胞因子及介质和基质金属蛋白酶家族表达、激活增强;心肌细胞凋亡与基因易患性等因素有关。该文通过查阅近年来相关文献,从细胞、分子及基因水平对AMI后心脏破裂的发病机制进行阐述。     

不同的超声引导方式对颈内静脉血透导管置管术的影响

目的探讨不同的超声引导方式对经皮颈内静脉穿刺血透导管置管术成功率和并发症及操作时间的影响。方法总结分析了2011年5月-2013年4月兰州军区兰州总医院336例经临床评估需行血液净化治疗的肾脏病患者,在彩色多普勒超声实时引导下行经皮颈内静脉穿刺血透导管置管术,对比观察了横切、纵切以及横切定位纵切进针三种不同的超声引导方式对穿刺成功率和并发症及操作时间的影响。结果 336例患者中穿刺成功335例,成功率为99.7%,其中有1例因血管纤细颈内静脉穿刺置管失败,改行股静脉置管。本研究中所有病例均未发现严重并发症。颈动脉损伤发生率为0.9%。结论横切定位纵切进针的方式是血透导管置管术的最佳超声引导方式,成功率相似,并发症少,操作时间短,值得进一步观察和推广。     

Synthesis of a newly designed artificial antigen and preparation of a polyclonal antibody against salbutamol

Salbutamol is a β-agonist which is strictly prohibited in food production. Designing a rapid immunoassay detection method is essential for effective supervision, and synthesis of antigen is the key to successful antibody production. In this study, a new method of synthesising immunogen and coating antigen for ELISA was established, using methanal as a linker to connect salbutamol sulphate with the carrier proteins bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin. The conjugates were identified through UV spectrophotometry and SDS–PAGE, and the amino groups in proteins were measured using 2,4,6,-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid. Immunisation of rabbits with immunogen produced a polyclonal antibody with high sensitivity and specificity. Indirect and competitive indirect ELISAs were used to determine antibody titre and IC₅₀, which were 1,280,000 and 0.736 ng mL^?1, respectively.     

空洞型肺癌的PET-CT影像特点分析

目的分析空洞型肺癌的PET-CT影像特点。方法回顾性分析35例经病理证实空洞型肺癌患者的PET-CT表现,分析不同病理类型空洞型肺癌间的差异及病理类型、空洞壁厚度最大径、肿瘤最大径对最大标准摄取值(maximum standardized uptake value,SUV max)的影响。结果35例患者中,鳞癌15例,腺癌20例,鳞癌组SUV max为13.51±4.73,显著大于腺癌组(8.50±4.27),P<0.05;而鳞癌组空洞壁厚度最大径及肿瘤最大径均显著大于腺癌组(P值分别为0.001、0.043),两者之间空洞最大径差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在空洞壁厚度最大径分组(<0.5 cm,0.5~1.5 cm,>1.5 cm)及肿瘤最大径分组(<3 cm、3~5 cm,>5 cm)中,SUV max差异有统计学意义(F=10.735,P<0.001;F=6.568,P=0.004)。结论18 F-脱氧葡萄糖(18 F-FDG)PET-CT对空洞型肺癌有较好的诊断价值,且SUV max与病理类型、空洞壁厚度最大径以及肿瘤最大径存在一定的关联。     

白塞病患者临床特点及性别差异分析

目的:了解白塞病的发病规律和临床特点,加强对白塞病的认识。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月至2020年10月在兰州大学第二医院确诊为白塞病的208例住院患者的临床资料。结果:208例白塞病患者中,男97例,女111例;平均发病年龄(32.86±13.11)岁;病程中位数4.00年;平均住院天数(9.04±4.28)d。30~40岁年龄段发病人数最多(26.44%),男性发病年龄早于女性(P < 0.05)。患者首发症状主要为口腔溃疡(92.79%)、生殖器溃疡(26.92%)、皮肤病变(13.46%)。基本症状发生率为口腔溃疡(98.56%)、生殖器溃疡(80.77%)、皮肤病变(70.19%)、眼炎(55.29%)等。主要受累系统有消化系统(11.06%)、神经系统(8.17%)、关节(25.48%)、血管(9.62%)等。男性眼炎发生率明显高于女性(P < 0.05),男性血管受累发生率高于女性(P < 0.05),男性关节病变受累年龄小于女性(P < 0.05)。部分患者可有白细胞、血小板升高,血红蛋白(Hb)降低,红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白(CRP)、免疫球蛋白、补体C3、补体C4、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体升高。Hb降低比例,IgM升高比例,女性均高于男性(P < 0.05);CRP、FIB升高比例,男性高于女性(P < 0.05)。治疗药物以糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂为主,使用最多的2种药物为糖皮质激素(75.00%)和沙利度胺(63.94%),最常用的药物方案为糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制剂(71.63%)。结论:白塞病临床表现多样,可累及多系统,临床特点各异,存在性别差异,诊断无特异性实验室指标,临床需根据白塞病特点综合诊治,避免漏诊、误诊。     

西宁市2008-2014年健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测结果分析

目的了解2008-2014年西宁市0~14岁健康儿童麻疹免疫状况,为消除麻疹提供参考,并为制定免疫措施提供依据。方法每年随机选择西宁市的一个区(县),在0~岁、1~2岁、3~4岁、5~6岁、7~14岁年龄组随机抽取儿童各30名,7年共计抽取1 050名健康儿童的静脉血,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清麻疹IgG抗体。结果在采集的1 050份血样中阳性999份,阳性率95.14%,不同年龄组抗体阳性率分别为92.38%、94.29%、94.29%、98.10%、96.67%,各年龄组间阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.96,P<0.05)。男性儿童、女性儿童抗体阳性率分别为94.41%、95.90%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=145.19,P>0.05)。常住儿童(98.34%)抗体阳性率高于流动儿童(75.17%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=145.19,P<0.05)。结论西宁市0~14岁健康儿童麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为95.14%,达到世界卫生组织西太平洋区消除麻疹队列人群免疫力95%的指标,建议继续提高麻疹疫苗的常规免疫接种率,尤其是流动儿童应强化免疫;同时继续加强麻疹监测,建立人群牢固的免疫屏障,最终阻断麻疹在人群中的流行。     

低温等离子射频与微波两种消融术治疗变应性鼻炎疗效及对鼻腔功能和炎性因子影响的对比分析

目的:对比低温等离子射频与微波两种消融术治疗重度变应性鼻炎(AR)的疗效及对鼻腔功能和炎性因子影响。方法:选取108例重度AR患者随机分为两组,各54例,分别接受鼻内镜下低温等离子射频(低温射频组)和微波消融(微波消融组)治疗。比较两组治疗前后鼻部症状评分、气道功能指标、鼻腔功能和炎性因子水平。结果:术后3个月低温射频组患者鼻涕、喷嚏、鼻塞、鼻痒、VAS总评分和鼻功能指标MTT和MTR明显低于治疗前和微波消融组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);气道功能指标FVC、FEV1、PEF高于治疗前和微波消融组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);炎性因子IL-4和IgE低于治疗前和微波消融组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);INF-γ高于治疗前和微波消融组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:低温等离子射频消融术可改善重度变应性鼻炎患者临床症状,降低了血清炎症因子水平,提高鼻腔和气道功能,综合疗效优于微波消融治疗。     

Multisensory orientation behavior is disrupted by neonatal cortical ablation

The integration of visual and auditory information can significantly amplify the sensory responses of superior colliculus (SC) neurons and the behaviors that depend on them. This response amplification depends on the development of SC inputs that are derived from two regions of cortex: the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES) and the rostral lateral suprasylvian sulcus (rLS). Neonatal ablation of these cortico-collicular areas has been shown to disrupt the development of the multisensory enhancement capabilities of SC neurons and the present results demonstrate that it also precludes the development of the normal multisensory enhancements in orientation behavior. Animals with neonatal ablation of AES and rLS were tested at maturity and found unable to benefit from the combination of visual and auditory cues in their efforts to localize targets in contralesional space. In contrast, their ipsilesional multisensory orientation capabilities were indistinguishable from those of normal animals. However, when only one of these cortical areas was removed during early life, later behavioral consequences were negligible. Whether similar compensatory processes would occur in adult animals remains to be determined. These observations, coupled with those from previous studies, also suggest that a surprisingly high proportion of SC neurons capable of multisensory integration must be present for orientation behavior benefits to be realized. Compensatory mechanisms can achieve this if early lesions spare either AES or rLS, but even the impressive plasticity of the neonatal brain cannot compensate for the early loss of both of them.