口腔门诊预约制对提高医疗服务质量的作用

无预约制和有预约制的口腔门诊各30名患者进行了主、客观调查,分析了无预约制口腔门诊的存在问题及隐患,继而从"以病人为中心"的现代医疗服务模式及优化门诊的角度讨论了有预约制的口腔门诊的意义,得出以下结论:口腔门诊预约使患者的有效就诊时间率大大提高,使患者在有序、安静的就医环境中得到高质量的口腔医疗服务,有利于医院最大限度地利用医疗资源.建议推广和完善口腔门诊预约制度.     

"学术造假"给科学界敲响了警钟

学术期刊若与“科学”、“真实”、“严谨”和“可信”等字眼匹配起来，才会相得益彰；然而，近几十年来，不知为什么学术期刊却悄悄地与“学术造假”建立了“不解之缘”。     

经导管国产封堵器介入治疗膜周部室间隔缺损患儿的疗效随访

目的  随访观察经导管国产封堵器介入治疗膜周部室间隔缺损（PMVSD）患儿的疗效及并发症。方法  选择2011年7月-2014年12月该院使用国产封堵器行介入治疗的PMVSD患儿52例,所有患儿在X线透视及超声下行室间隔缺损（VSD）封堵术治疗,术后即刻行左心室、升主动脉造影,超声心动图评价治疗效果。术后1 d、1、3、6、12及24个月及以后每隔1年定期复查,评价短期及中远期疗效,包括经胸超声心动图评价分流和返流情况,心脏大小及心功能情况。同时行心电图检查观察有无心律失常。结果  ①48例患儿治疗成功,4例未能封堵成功,手术成功率92.31%。②对48例患儿进行了临床随访,中位随访时间23.6个月（12～48个月）。其中,4例患者术后1 d存在微量或少量残余分流,即刻残余分流率8.33%,术后残余分流量逐渐减少,术后1个月2例分流完全消失,2例仍存在微量或少量分流,残余分流率4.17%。6例患儿出现传导阻滞,其中右束支传导阻滞5例,左束支传导阻滞1例。1例患儿出现交界性室性异搏心率,心律失常发生率为14.58%。术后24个月新出现微量或少量返流2例,无封堵器脱落、血栓栓塞、感染性心内膜炎或猝死等。③患儿术后12和24个月的心脏大小均较术后1 d增大（P <0.05）,但均在正常范围内。而术后12个月、24个月、术后1 d与术前的心功能比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论  经导管国产封堵器介入治疗小儿膜周部室间隔缺损成功率较高,术后并发症发生率低,中远期疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。

     

Therapeutic Effectiveness of Sustained Low‐Efficiency Hemodialysis Plus Hemoperfusion and Continuous Hemofiltration Plus Hemoperfusion for Acute Severe Organophosphate Poisoning

There is no report on the effects of sustained low‐efficiency dialysis (SLED) plus hemoperfusion (HP) (SLED + HP) in patients with acute severe organophosphate (OP) poisoning (ASOPP). This study was designed to compare the therapeutic effectiveness between SLED + HP and continuous hemofiltration (CHF) plus HP (CHF + HP) in patients with ASOPP. In order to assess the two treatment methods, 56 patients with ASOPP were divided into CHF + HP group and SLED + HP group. The biochemical indicators, in‐hospital duration, hemodynamic parameters, Acute Physiology, and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, and survival and mortality rates were compared. In both groups after treatment, the levels of serum creatine kinase isozyme MB, creatine kinase, creatinine, glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminease, and glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase, and the APACHE II scores on the first, second, and seventh day decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the levels of serum acetylcholinesterase increased. The two groups showed no statistical differences in in‐hospital duration, biochemical indicators, APACHE II score, hemodynamic parameters, survival rate, or the mortality rate (P > 0.05). In conclusion, SLED has similar hemodynamic stability to CHF and the two treatment methods have similar effects on ASOPP patients. More importantly, SLED plus HP is relatively economical and convenient for patients with ASOPP in clinical practice.     

小切口经腹膜外前路腰椎椎间融合术治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症

 目的 探讨小切口经腹膜外前路腰椎椎间融合术（anterior lumbar interbody fusion,ALIF）治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法 2001年2月至2012年2月应用小切口经腹膜外ALIF手术治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症患者20例,男8例,女12例;年龄44~68岁,平均（53.1±5.9）岁。术中均采用SynFrame拉钩系统及SynFix-LR腰椎前路椎间融合器。统计术中出血量、术后48 h引流量、手术时间及住院天数。于术后2天、3、6、12个月进行随访,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）和疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）对手术疗效进行评估。结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间12~110个月,平均（45.6±29.6）个月。术后疼痛VAS评分与ODI值均较术前明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,术后2天、3个月、6个月、12个月比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。疼痛VAS评分由术前平均（7.7±0.7）分（5~8分）降至术后12个月平均（1.7±0.9）分（0~3分）,ODI值由术前平均80.6%±3.9%（69%~85%）降至术后12个月6.6%±1.3%（5%~11%）。术中出血量90~220 ml,平均（126.0±40.3） ml;术后48 h引流量35~63 ml,平均（47.5±7.6） ml;住院天数4~11 d,平均（6.7±1.8） d。术后6个月骨性融合。随访期间融合器位置及形态正常,内固定无断裂及滑脱。结论 应用小切口经腹膜外ALIF手术治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症,创伤小,能够缓解患者症状及改善功能,脊柱融合率高,手术并发症少,近中期疗效满意。     

实施院内设备共用或借用管理的体会

为了提高设备使用率,对部分抢救治疗设备实施共用或借用管理的尝试和体会。     

Screening of Organophosphate Flame Retardants with Placentation-Disrupting Effects in Human Trophoblast Organoid Model and Characterization of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Mice

Background: Abnormal placental development may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic diseases in adulthood; however, it remains unknown whether and how xenobiotics affect human placentation.Objectives: This study aimed to screen and identify placentation-disrupting chemicals in commonly used organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and, if identified, to investigate potential adverse effects on placentation in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic disorder in offspring in mice.Methods: We devised a high-throughput immunofluorescence screening assay based on human trophoblast organoids and used it to screen OPFRs that inhibit the proliferation of organoids. One identified chemical was assessed for its effects on placentation by evaluating villous cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and extravillous trophoblasts using immunofluorescence and a mitochondrial stress test after 2 d of exposure. A 10-d exposure study was further performed to observe the dynamic effect of the OPFR on the structure of the organoids. RNA-sequencing and western blotting experiments were performed to explore the associated pathways, and a potential binding protein was identified by immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase activity assays. Animal studies were performed to determine whether the findings in organoids could be replicated in mice and to observe adverse pregnancy outcomes.Results: The proliferation of organoids exposed to three aryl-OPFRs was significantly lower than the proliferation of control organoids. Further analysis demonstrated that one such chemical, 2-ethylhexyl-diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), disrupted placentation in organoids. Mechanistically, EHDPP interfered with insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) to inhibit aerobic respiration. Mice exposed to EHDPP at a physiological human concentrations exhibited immature and mature placental disorders, which correlated with fetal growth restriction, implantation failure, stillbirth, and impaired glucose tolerance.Conclusions: The human trophoblast organoid model showed that the commonly used OPFRs disrupted placentation via IGF1R, indicating that its use may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic disorders in offspring. https://doi.org/10.1289/{"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"EHP10273","term_id":"372009658","term_text":"EHP10273"}}EHP10273     

阴式全子宫切除术89例

目的探讨非脱垂子宫经阴道切除术价值及安全性。方法对89例子宫良性病变的非脱垂子宫经阴道子宫切除(阴式组)的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并与经腹子宫切除(腹式组)92例进行比较。结果阴式组较腹式组平均出血量少(P<0.05),术后用止痛药例数少(P<0.01),术后排气时间早(P<0.01),住院时间短(P<0.01),而手术时间两组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论阴式子宫切除术创伤小,术后恢复快,优于开腹子宫切除术。     

颈动脉粥样硬化病变在不同年龄段冠心病患者中的特点分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者超声检测的颈动脉粥样硬化病变过程和年龄增长的关系.方法:根据年龄将116名冠心病患者分为5组:＜45岁为第1组,45～54岁为第2组,55～64岁为第3组,65～74岁为第4组,＞74岁为第5组,用高分辨率超声检测所有冠心病患者和11名正常对照者的颈动脉内径、IMT、斑块及其数量,计算动脉半径和IMT的比值(R/IMT).对不同年龄段冠心病患者及正常对照者的检测值进行比较.结果:除R/IMT外,冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变各指标与年龄呈直线相关,但相关程度均不高,其中IMT与年龄的相关程度明显低于无冠心病及主要危险因素者.IMT和斑块发生率呈线性相关(r=0.316).斑块发生率、斑块数、IMT和颈动脉内径在不同年龄段冠心病患者间差异显著,但R/IMT的差异仅有临界性统计学意义,两两比较结果:斑块发生率在第4组和1、2组间有显著差异,P值分别小于0.05和0.01;斑块数在1组和4、5组间有显著差异,P＜0.05,在2组和4、5组间也有显著差异,P＜0.01;IMT在1组和4、5组及2组和5组间均有显著差异,P＜0.05;颈动脉内径在4组和1、2、3组间均有显 著差异,P＜0.01;R/IMT仅在2组和5组间有显著差异,P＜0.05.结论:(1)冠心病患者超声检测的颈动脉粥样硬化病变与年龄增长有显著的相关性,但年龄增长的生理性影响较弱.(2)65岁左右颈动脉自身代偿能力可能达到最大.     

The clinical and pathological characteristics of Chinese patients with pauci-immune crescent golmerulonephritis

Objective　To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of pauci-immune crescent glomerulo～nephritis (PICGN) in Chinese patients. Methods　During 13 years (1985-1998), 6400 patients underwent non-transplanting renal biopsy. Twenty-four patients were diagnosed as PICGN. All clinical and laboratory data of these patients were collected from the patients’ records and used for detailed analysis. The diagnosis is based on clinico-pathologic findings. Results　Of the 24 patients, 16 were females and 8 were males, with median age of 33 years (ranged 10-76 years). Microscopic polyarteritis (MPA) (33.3%) and systemic vasculitis (8.3%) were the secondary diseases. The incidence of PICGN was 0.38% in renal biopsies and 22.9% in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Clinically, most patients (75.0%) showed rapidly progressive nephritis with enlarged kidneys. At onset, gross hematuria was noted in 58.3% of patients, hypertension in 45.8%, nephrotic syndrome in 41.7%, and oliguria in 25.0%. However, systemic symptoms were rare except for anemia. Pathologically, necrosis of glomerular capillaries (62.5%), infiltration of monocytes and neutrophil cells in glomeruli (66.7%), and vasculitis in the interstitium (53.3%) were observed. In addition, glomerulosclerosis was noted in 45.8%, severe tubular atrophy in 83.3% and interstitial fibrosis in 75.0%. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) were positive in 52.2%. All patients except two received intensively immunosuppressive therapy. Sixteen patients were available for long-term follow up (median 29.8 months, range 8-92 months). Twelve of them had life-sustaining renal function, four had normal serum creatinine (&lt;124?μmol/L) and only 4 patients were dialysis-dependent. Conclusion　PICGN is not rare in China. Early diagnosis and administration of immunosuppressive therapy, particularly in patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), are important for good prognosis.