Suicide and unemployment: what are the missing links?

The suicide rate has been paralleled by an upward trend of unemployment in Hong Kong since 1997. This study aims to explore the unknown suicide-related factors among the unemployed. This information is useful in developing culturally specific suicide prevention initiatives related to unemployment. Seventy-six suicide deceased and 15 life subjects who were unemployed were selected from a previous psychological autopsy study. Logistic regression models were employed to estimate the relative suicide risks among the unemployed people. Among the unemployed, the suicide deceased were more likely to be male, had suffered from psychiatric illness, and had attempted suicide before. They also had acquired less competent social problem solving skills. Comparison with a small control group creates a generalizability problem. Suicide prevention for the unemployed could be done through mental health awareness programs; problem-solving skills training for attempters and males; and vocational training and job opportunities for discharged psychiatric patients and rehabilitees.     

Laparoscopic repair of recurrent childhood inguinal hernias after open herniotomy

Background Open repair of recurrent paediatric inguinal hernias (IH) is difficult and there is definite risk of damaging the vas deferens and testicular vessels during dissection of the previous open herniotomy field. Laparoscopic repair (LR) has the benefit of avoiding the previous operative site. Method Records of patients with recurrent IH that had LR after open repair were reviewed and evaluated retrospectively. The results were compared with data from cases in which the LR method was used in the initial IH repair. Results From September 2002 to October 2005, four boys and one girl (mean age 58.8 months) were treated in our institution for recurrent IH after open repair. Operative time, success rate and complications did not show any statistically significant difference when compared with our previous prospectively collected data for primary repairs. Conclusion Laparoscopic repair is the preferred operation for recurrent childhood IH after open repair.     

Scale-up of Adhesive Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutical Research -     

中国内地城市和香港9～18岁学生心肺耐力及肌肉素质的比较研究

为了比较中国内地城市和香港青少年儿童的心肺耐力和肌肉素质，对两地的青少年儿童体质调查数据进行了比较研究。结果发现：内地各年龄组男女生的心肺耐力均优于香港同龄者；香港青少年儿童的肌肉素质除立定跳远外，其他项目的成绩均弱于内地青少年儿童。提示：随着生活水平的提高，应重视青少年儿童对体育活动的参与。     

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and its conjugates in Chinese non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with renal impairment

Objective: A single oral dose of paracetamol (20 mg · kg⁻¹) was given to 38 Chinese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who had either normal renal function or varying degrees of renal impairment, with creatinine clearances ranging from 4 to 123 ml · min⁻¹ · 1.73 m⁻². The plasma and urinary concentrations of paracetamol and its major metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The absorption and elimination of paracetamol were unaffected by renal impairment. However, the area under the plasma concentration time curve and the elimination half-life of paracetamol metabolites increased significantly with worsening renal insufficiency. Mean renal clearances of paracetamol and its conjugates were significantly reduced in these subjects. There was no evidence of altered metabolic activation with renal impairment. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that paracetamol disposition is minimally affected by diabetic nephropathy; however, extensive accumulation of conjugates may occur. Received: 2 September 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 11 December 1996     

Pentasomy 8q in Myelodysplasia

Trisomy 8 and, less commonly tetrasomy 8, are karyotypic aberrations found in myeloid malignancies. We describe a unique case of acute myeloid leukemia with partial pentasomy 8 resulting from duplication of isochromosome 8q, and discuss its possible roles in leukemogenesis.     

Phase I trial of piroxicam in 62 dogs bearing naturally occurring tumors

Summary Piroxicam, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, was given to 62 dogs bearing naturally occurring tumors in a phase I clinical trial. Dose escalation was performed, with oral doses ranging from 0.5 mg/kg every 48 h (q48h) to 1.5 mg/kg q48h being tested. Dose-limiting gastromestinal irritation/ulceration occurred in all four animals that received 1.5 mg/kg q48h. The maximum tolerated dose was 1 mg/kg q48h. Subclinical renal papillary necrosis occurred in two dogs (initial dosages, 1 and 1.5 mg/kg q48h, respectively). Following dose escalation, an additional group of dogs was treated with 0.3 mg/kg piroxicam q24h per os, the accepted canine dosage prior to this trial. Inclusion of this treatment group enabled evaluation of the toxicity of and tumor response to a daily dosage regimen. No complete remissions occurred in this trial. Partial remission was documented in three of ten dogs exhibiting transitional-cell carcinoma, in three of five animals bearing squamous-cell carcinoma, in one of three dogs displaying mammary adenocarcinoma, and in the one dog that exhibited a transmissible venereal tumor. The results of this study support the additional evaluation of piroxicam in a phase II clinical trial in dogs bearing naturally occurring tumors.This investigation was supported by Pfizer Inc.     

Comparison of two-dimensional vs three-dimensional camera systems in laparoscopic surgery

Background: The lack of depth perception and spatial orientation in video vision are the drawbacks of laparoscopic surgery. The advent of a three-dimensional camera system enables surgeons to regain binocular vision and may be advantageous in complex laparoscopic procedures. Methods: We prospectively studied two groups of surgeons (with and without experiences in laparoscopic surgery) who performed a designated standardized laparoscopic task using a two-dimensional camera system (Olympus OTV-S4) vs a three-dimensional camera system (Baxter-V. Mueller VS7700) and compared their time performances. Results: The results suggested that only experience in laparoscopic surgery had significant effect on individual's performance. We could not demonstrate any superiority of the 3D system over the 2D system. However, two-thirds of the surgeons commented that the depth perception did improve. Conclusions: With further refinement of the technology, the 3D system may improve its potential in laparoscopic surgery.     

Pheochromocytoma manifesting with shock presents a clinical paradox: a case report

A 46-year-old man presented with shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome. Investigations revealed an adrenal mass that was diagnosed, by fine-needle aspiration biopsy, as pheochromocytoma. Because biopsy is contraindicated in patients with pheochromocytoma, this confusing presentation underscores the value of excluding this diagnosis by biochemical means before performing fine-needle aspiration of adrenal tumours.     

High performance liquid chromatographic characterisation and quantitation of p-aminobenzoic acid N-acetylation in Chinese subjects

p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA), p-acetamidobenzoic acid (PADB) and p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) have been separated and determined by a reversed phase, isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure simultaneously. The mobile phase, at 1.5 ml min-1, used was 10 mM sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer, pH 3.5, containing 40% methanol. The eluent was detected at 270 nm. Linear relationship was obtained from 0 to 2.0 micrograms ml-1 of each compound with the corresponding peak-height ratio using p-methylamino-benzoic acid (PMAB) as the internal standard. Urine samples were obtained from healthy Chinese volunteers after oral dosing of 200 mg PABA which was used as a model substance for metabolic investigation of N-acetylation and other conjugation reactions. The 24 hour urinary recovery, from 43 healthy subjects, of PABA, PABA-COOH conjugates, PADB and PADB-COOH conjugates were (mean +/- S.D.) 2.9 +/- 1.5%, 5.2 +/- 3.3%, 13.9 +/- 4.0% and 42.9 +/- 9.8% of the ingested dose respectively. These accounted for 64.9 +/- 12.0% of total dose ingested in 24 hour. In contrast to previously reported findings on one Caucasian subject, no PAH was identified in the urine, and N-acetylation was the major route of metabolism of PABA apart from conjugation at the -COOH group in this group of Chinese volunteers. It is proposed that PABA metabolism may be a useful probe to study ethnic and geographic variation in N-acetylation.