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141.
Halitosis, an offensive breath odour, has multiple sources and negative impacts on people’s social interactions and quality of life. It is important for health care professionals, including general physicians and dental professionals, to understand its aetiology and risk factors in order to diagnose and treat patients appropriately. In this study, we have reviewed the current literature on halitosis regarding its prevalence, classification, risk factors, sources, measurement and treatment. 相似文献
142.
Activation of the coagulation cascade after infusion of a factor XI concentrate in congenitally deficient patients 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
Mannucci PM; Bauer KA; Santagostino E; Faioni E; Barzegar S; Coppola R; Rosenberg RD 《Blood》1994,84(4):1314-1319
Virally inactivated, high-purity factor XI concentrates are available for treatment of patients with factor XI deficiency. However, preliminary experience indicates that some preparations may be thrombogenic. We evaluated whether a highly purified concentrate produced signs of activation of the coagulation cascade in two patients with severe factor XI deficiency infused before and after surgery. Signs of heightened enzymatic activity of the common pathway of coagulation (elevated plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and fibrinopeptide A) developed in the early post-infusion period, accompanied by more delayed signs of fibrin formation with secondary hyperfibrinolysis (elevated D-dimer and plasmin-antiplasmin complex). These changes occurred in both patients, but were more severe in the older patient with breast cancer when she underwent surgery, being accompanied by fibrinogen and platelet consumption. There were no concomitant signs of heightened activity of the factor VII-tissue factor mechanism on the factor Xase complex (plasma levels of activated factor VII and of factor IX and X activation peptides did not increase). The observed changes in biochemical markers of coagulation activation indicate that concentrate infusions increased thrombin generation and activity and that such changes were magnified by malignancy and surgery. Because some factor XI concentrates may be thrombogenic, they should be used with caution, especially in patients with other risk factors for thrombosis. 相似文献
143.
Velimir Matkovic MD PhD Nancy Badenhop-Stevens RD MSc Eun-Jeong Ha PhD Zeljka Crncevic-Orlic MD PhD Albert Clairmont MD 《Clinical reviews in bone and mineral metabolism》2002,1(3-4):233-248
Bone accretion during childhood is proportional to the rate of growth. During this time, interval height velocity is relatively
slow for both boys and girls. As a direct consequence of this, calcium retention in the body of an average child is lower
than the calcium retention in an adolescent. Bone size, bone mass, and bone mineral areal density of the regional skeletal
sites increase on average by about 4%/yr from childhood to late adolescence and young adulthood, when most of the bone mass
is accumulated. Calcium needs are greater during adolescence (pubertal growth spurt) than in childhood or adulthood. According
to calcium balance studies, the threshold in take for adolescents is about 1500 mg/d. Inadequate calcium intake during growth
may increase the risk of childhood fractures and predispose certain individuals to a lower peak bone mass. 相似文献
144.
RD Vaithilingam SH Safii NA Baharuddin LP Karen‐Ng R Saub F Ariffin H Ramli A Sharifuddin MFH Hidayat R Raman YK Chan NA Rani RA Rahim N Shahruddin SC Cheong PM Bartold RB Zain 《Oral diseases》2015,21(1):e62-e69
Periodontal bio‐repositories, which allow banking of clinically validated human data and biological samples, provide an opportunity to derive biomarkers for periodontal diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic activities which are expected to improve patient management. This article presents the establishing of the Malaysian Periodontal Database and Biobank System (MPDBS) which was initiated in 2011 with the aim to facilitate periodontal research. Partnerships were established with collaborating centres. Policies on specimen access, authorship and acknowledgement policies were agreed upon by all participating centres before the initiation of the periodontal biobank. Ethical approval for the collection of samples and data were obtained from institutional ethics review boards. A broad‐based approach for informed consent was used, which covered areas related to quality of life impacts, genetics and molecular aspects of periodontal disease. Sample collection and processing was performed using a standardized protocol. Biobanking resources such as equipment and freezers were shared with the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS). In the development of the MPDBS, challenges that were previously faced by the MOCDTBS were considered. Future challenges in terms of ethical and legal issues will be faced when international collaborations necessitate the transportation of specimens across borders. 相似文献
145.
146.
Effect of Intensive Salt‐Restriction Education on Clinic,Home, and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Levels in Treated Hypertensive Patients During a 3‐Month Education Period
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Masahiro Nakano MD PhD Kazuo Eguchi MD PhD Toshiko Sato RD Atsuko Onoguchi RD Satoshi Hoshide MD PhD Kazuomi Kario MD PhD 《Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)》2016,18(5):385-392
The authors tested the hypothesis that low‐salt diet education by nutritionists would lower blood pressure (BP) levels in treated hypertensive patients. The amount of urinary salt excretion and clinic, home, and ambulatory BP values at baseline and at 3 months were measured in 95 patients with hypertension. After randomization to a nutritional education group (E group, n=51) or a control group (C group, n=44), the C group received conventional salt‐restriction education and the E group received intensive nutritional education aimed at salt restriction to 6 g/d by nutritionists. From baseline to the end of the study, 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion was significantly lowered in the E group compared with the C group (6.8±2.9 g/24 h vs 8.6±3.4 g/24 h, P<.01). Morning home systolic BP tended to be lowered in the E group (P=.051), and ambulatory 24‐hour systolic BP was significantly lowered in the E group (−4.5±1.3 mm Hg) compared with the C group (2.8±1.3 mm Hg, P<.001). Intensive nutritional education by nutritionists was shown to be effective in lowering BP in treated hypertensive patients.The association between excessive salt intake and blood pressure (BP) elevation is well‐known, and some interventional studies such as the International Study of Electrolyte Excretion and Blood Pressure (INTERSALT) demonstrated that the amount of salt intake was associated with BP levels.1 In an international study of 101,945 individuals from 17 countries, it was found that the estimated sodium intake of 3 g/d to 6 g/d was associated with lower incidences of cardiovascular events and death compared with higher or lower levels of salt intake.2 In a study of a mildly hypertensive population, clinic and ambulatory BP levels were significantly lowered by low salt intake compared with those in the control group.3 In the same study, lower salt intake was associated with lower excretion of urinary albumin and a lower pulse wave velocity (a measure of arterial stiffness) compared with those in the control group. Taken together, these findings support the importance of salt restriction for the improved control of BP and protection from end‐organ damage, provided that the salt restriction is successfully performed.In the 2014 guidelines from the Japanese Society of Hypertension (JSH), salt restriction to <6 g/d is recommended for all hypertensive populations.4 However, this recommendation is mostly based on observational studies5 or interventional studies in which the diets of patients were completely controlled, sometimes under hospitalized conditions.6 For example, in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial,7 a low‐salt diet was given to the patients during the study period. Few studies have examined whether intensive nutritional education in an outpatient clinic, especially education on dietary salt restriction, can lower not only clinic BP but also home and ambulatory BP levels. Thus, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that intensive nutritional education focused on salt restriction and provided by nutritionists in an outpatient clinic lowers clinic, home, and ambulatory BP in treated hypertensive patients. 相似文献
147.
148.
149.
M. Sue Kirkman MD Vanessa Jones Briscoe PhD NP CDE Nathaniel Clark MD MS RD Hermes Florez MD MPH PhD Linda B. Haas PHC RN CDE Jeffrey B. Halter MD Elbert S. Huang MD MPH Mary T. Korytkowski MD Medha N. Munshi MD Peggy Soule Odegard BS PharmD CDE Richard E. Pratley MD Carrie S. Swift MS RD BC‐ADM CDE 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2012,60(12):2342-2356
150.
Jahan Porhomayon Nader D. Nader Ali A. El-Solh Mindee Hite Jonathan Scott Kevin Silinskie 《The Journal of surgical research》2013