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951.
Ryo Kawasaki Yoko Akune Yoshimune Hiratsuka Shunichi Fukuhara Masakazu Yamada 《Ophthalmic epidemiology》2015,22(1):4-12
ABSTRACTPurpose: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness for a screening interval longer than 1 year detecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) through the estimation of incremental costs per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) based on the best available clinical data in Japan.Methods: A Markov model with a probabilistic cohort analysis was framed to calculate incremental costs per QALY gained by implementing a screening program detecting DR in Japan. A 1-year cycle length and population size of 50,000 with a 50-year time horizon (age 40–90 years) was used. Best available clinical data from publications and national surveillance data was used, and a model was designed including current diagnosis and management of DR with corresponding visual outcomes. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed considering uncertainties in the parameters.Results: In the base-case analysis, the strategy with a screening program resulted in an incremental cost of 5,147 Japanese yen (¥; US$64.6) and incremental effectiveness of 0.0054 QALYs per person screened. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was ¥944,981 (US$11,857) per QALY. The simulation suggested that screening would result in a significant reduction in blindness in people aged 40 years or over (?16%). Sensitivity analyses suggested that in order to achieve both reductions in blindness and cost-effectiveness in Japan, the screening program should screen those aged 53–84 years, at intervals of 3 years or less.Conclusions: An eye screening program in Japan would be cost-effective in detecting DR and preventing blindness from DR, even allowing for the uncertainties in estimates of costs, utility, and current management of DR. 相似文献
952.
Serotonergic mechanisms are involved in antidepressant‐like effects of bisbenzylisoquinolines liensinine and its analogs isolated from the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner seeds in mice
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![点击此处可从《The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
953.
Makoto Nishio Atsushi Horiike Hiroshi Nokihara Hidehito Horinouchi Shinji Nakamichi Hiroshi Wakui Fumiyoshi Ohyanagi Keita Kudo Noriko Yanagitani Shunji Takahashi Yasutoshi Kuboki Noboru Yamamoto Yasuhide Yamada Masaichi Abe Takashi Tahata Tomohide Tamura 《Investigational new drugs》2015,33(3):632-640
954.
955.
Diagnostic and predictive performance and standardized threshold of traditional biomarkers for drug‐induced liver injury in rats
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![点击此处可从《Journal of applied toxicology : JAT》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Yutaka Tonomura Yuki Kato Hiroyuki Hanafusa Yuji Morikawa Keigo Matsuyama Takeki Uehara Motonobu Ueno Mikinori Torii 《Journal of applied toxicology : JAT》2015,35(2):165-172
Traditional biomarkers such as alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT, AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) have been widely used for detecting drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed standardized thresholds for human as Hy's law, those for animals have not been determined, and predictability of these biomarkers for future onset of hepatic lesions remains unclear. In this study, we investigated these diagnostic and predictive performance of 10 traditional biomarkers for liver injury by receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve, using a free‐access database where 142 hepatotoxic or non‐hepatotoxic compounds were administrated to male rats (n = 5253). Standardization of each biomarker value was achieved by calculating the ratio to control mean value, and the thresholds were determined under the condition of permitting 5% false positive. Of these 10 biomarkers, AST showed the best diagnostic performance. Furthermore, ALT and TBIL also showed high performance under the situation of hepatocellular necrosis and bile duct injury, respectively. Additionally, the availability of the diagnostic thresholds in difference testing facility was confirmed by the application of these thresholds to in‐house prepared dataset. Meanwhile, incorrect diagnosis by the thresholds was also observed. Regarding prediction, all 10 biomarkers showed insufficient performance for future onset of hepatic lesions. In conclusion, the standardized diagnostic thresholds enable consistent evaluation of traditional biomarkers among different facilities, whereas it was suggested that novel biomarker is required for more accurate diagnosis and prediction of DILI. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
956.
Objectives
Since the Cabinet’s decision concerning the Basic Policies 2005, the Japanese government has implemented specific measures to suppress increases in national medical care expenditure. However, we believe that the economic significance of medical care should be quantified in terms of its economic impact on national medical care expenditure. No one has examined the economic impact of all medical institutions in Japan using data from a statement of profits and losses. We used an input–output analysis to quantitatively estimate economic impact of medical care and examined its estimation range with a probabilistic sensitivity analysis.Methods
To estimate the economic impact and economic impact multipliers of all medical institutions in Japan, an input–output analysis model was developed using an input–output table, statement of profits and losses, margin rates, employee income rates, consumption propensity and an equilibrium output model. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted using a Monte Carlo simulation.Results
Economic impact of medical care in all medical institutions was ¥72,107.4 billion ($661.5 billion). This impact yielded a 2.78-fold return of medical care expenditure with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 2.74 to 2.90.Conclusion
Economic impact of medical care in Japan was two to three times the medical care expenditure (per unit). Production inducement of medical care is comparable to other industrial sectors that are highly influential toward the economy. The contribution to medical care should be evaluated more explicitly in national medical care expenditure policies. 相似文献957.
Naomi Sekizuka-Kagami Keiko Shimada Noriko Tabuchi Hiroyuki Nakamura 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2015,20(2):90-96
Objectives
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the score of the sense of coherence 13-item version (SOC-13) scale in the second trimester of pregnancy is associated with threatened premature birth.Methods
All the subjects gave their informed written consent before their participation in the study. A self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted on the pregnant women at approximately 18 weeks of pregnancy. The questionnaire consisted of items on demographic characteristics, perinatal abnormalities, stress perception scale (SPS), and SOC-13 scale. Approximately 30 weeks of pregnancy after the first survey, we surveyed whether any treatment had been provided for threatened premature birth during the course of the current pregnancy. The study period was from December 2007 to February 2010. One hundred and seventy-seven pregnant women participated in the study, but only the data from 151 pregnant women were analyzed.Results
Forty-three (28.5 %) pregnant women had threatened premature birth and received some treatment. Logistic regression analysis was carried out with threatened premature birth as the dependent variable and age, childbirth history, smoking habit, history of miscarriage or premature birth in previous pregnancies, SPS score, and SOC-13 scale score as the independent variables. It was shown that SOC-13 scale score affected threatened premature birth (p < 0.001) and that a low SOC-13 scale score was associated with threatened premature birth.Conclusions
This study suggests that the SOC-13 scale score in the second trimester of pregnancy could be of great value in clinical health care of pregnant women with a risk of threatened premature birth in the subsequent course of pregnancy. 相似文献958.
Masanori Kitamura Suguru Sasaki Riho Nishikawa Kohei Yamada Munetaka Kunishima 《RSC advances》2018,8(40):22482
In this paper, we discuss the synthesis of imido-substituted chlorotriazines and demonstrate their use in dehydrative condensation reactions. Chemoselective amide-forming reactions of amino alcohols using succinimido-substituted chlorotriazine (2A) proceeded smoothly. Occasionally, nonselectivity was problematic during the synthesis of hydroxy-substituted amides. Moreover, it was noteworthy that this method was applicable to hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids that could have formed a lactone or an ester during the carboxylic acid activation step. The imido-substituted chlorotriazine (2A) was superior to the amido-substituted chlorotriazine and 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDMT) in terms of reaction rates and yields.In this paper, we discuss the synthesis of imido-substituted chlorotriazines and demonstrate their use in dehydrative condensation reactions. 相似文献
959.
960.
Keiichiro Watanabe Ariunzaya Bat-Erdene Hirofumi Tenshin Qu Cui Jumpei Teramachi Masahiro Hiasa Asuka Oda Takeshi Harada Hirokazu Miki Kimiko Sogabe Masahiro Oura Ryohei Sumitani Yukari Mitsui Itsuro Endo Eiji Tanaka Makoto Kawatani Hiroyuki Osada Toshio Matsumoto Masahiro Abe 《Haematologica》2021,106(4):1172